Outbreaks of human infection linked to the powdered infant formula (PIF) food chain and associated with the bacterium Cronobacter, are of concern to public health. These bacteria are regarded as opportunistic pathogens linked to life-threatening infections predominantly in neonates, with an under developed immune system. Monitoring the microbiological ecology of PIF production sites is an impor...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal nasogastric enteral feeding tubes are colonised by the opportunistic pathogen Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) and other Enterobacteriaceae, and whether their presence was influenced by the feeding regime. METHODS One hundred and twenty-nine tubes were collected from two neonatal intensive care units (NICU). A q...

In April 2016, a female infant was born via Cesarean delivery at 29 estimated gestational weeks and had a birthweight of 3 pounds (1,405 grams). Her clinical course in the neonatal intensive care unit was unremarkable until she developed signs of sepsis at age 21 days. Cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid yielded Cronobacter sakazakii, a gram-negative pathogenic bacillus. Despite treatment...

OBJECTIVE Distribution of breast milk substitutes (BMS) after the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was uncontrolled and widespread. We assessed the magnitude of BMS distribution after the earthquake, its impact on feeding practices and the association between consumption of infant formula and diarrhoea among infants and young children. DESIGN One month after the earthquake, caregivers of 831 childr...

Bacteria respond to elevated osmolality by the accumulation of a range of low molecular weight molecules, known as compatible solutes (owing to their compatibility with the cells' normal physiology at high internal concentrations). The neonatal pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii is uniquely osmotolerant, surviving in powdered infant formula (PIF) which typically has a water activity (aw) of 0.2 - i...

Abstract The toxicity and the health risk assessment associated to presence of some hazardous elements (HEs) in dried (infant formula powdered) milks due manufacturing packaging process, raw materials used, environmental conditions, etc. need be determined. With this aim, a new methodology based on combination quotients non-supervised (as cluster analysis (CA) principal component (PCA)) chemome...

human milk contains all of the constituents that are required for the optimal growth and development of a neonate. it supports the development of brain, immune, and physiological systems. this study aimed to consider the significance of breast milk in preventing oxidative stress by comparing total antioxidant capacity (tac) in breast and formula milk for premature infants, demonstrating the rel...

To clarify the route and source of Enterobacter sakazakii infection in a basic study, we analyzed powder infant formula milk (PIF), which may be an important source of infantile infection, regarding contamination with Enterobacteriaceae including this type of bacteria, and conducted drug sensitivity tests with various antimicrobial agents. Enterobacteriaceae was isolated 36 (24.2%) of 149 PIF s...

BACKGROUND Infant formulas are sophisticated milk-based feeds for infants which are used as a substitute for breast milk. Historically they are known to be contaminated by aluminium and in the past this has raised health concerns for exposed infants. We have measured the aluminium content of a number of widely used infant formulas to determine if their contamination by aluminium and consequent ...