this paper presents a probabilistic confidence-interval based method for optimal placement of shunt capacitors in distribution networks by considering probabilistic characteristics of loads. the main objective function are reducing loss and improving the voltage profile. backward forward sweep method has been employed to obtain the power flow results in distribution system. in addition, integer...

background: this study aimed to evaluated trends for iron and manganese concentrations in wells, reservoirs, and water distribution networks in qom city during the summer of 2012. methods: this was a cross-sectional study. the studied scopes consisted of groundwater (60 wells), reservoirs (10 tanks), and water distribution network (33 points). one sample was taken from each source monthly. stat...