After removing annual variability, power spectral analyses of local atmospheric temperature from hundreds of stations and ice core records have been carried out from time scales of 10 2 to 106 yr. A clear sequence of power-law behaviors is found as follows: (1) from 40 ka to 1 Ma a flat spectrum is observed; (2) from 2 ka to 40 ka the spectrum is proportional to f 2 where f is the frequency; an...

This paper explores the merits of the single-path selective-broadcast interconnection (SBI) implemented in fiberoptic technology. This is a static, passive, fiber-optic interconnection among a set of stations, each equipped with multiple, say r , transmitters and receivers. It employs c 2 buses, each interconnecting a subset of the stations, and provides a single optical path between any two st...

In the context of ever-growing demand for energy, especially electric from renewable sources, there has been great interest in photovoltaic energy generation. The speed at which penetration technology can grow, however, does not simply depend on supply and but also various policies schemes adopted by countries around world. These, turn, play decisive roles investment decisions determine how pro...

This paper presents a novel method to arrange wakeup schedule for sleeping stations such that the number of wakeup stations in each beacon interval is balanced in IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). This method reduces the probability of collision and thus the station can save more power. Next, we consider how to poll the wakeup stations to send the PS-Poll frame to get back their...

We propose a decentralized downlink scheduling protocol for wireless cellular networks that allows each base station to control its transmission power. On the beginning of each scheduling period, neighbor base stations exchange their local system states, i.e., channel, traffic and position statistics of their local mobile users. But on each slot of the current scheduling period, the base statio...

The growing awareness towards energy efficient cellular networks has paved way for new technologies in designing green cellular networks. According to technical analysts, the base stations are the most energy intensive part of a typical cellular network. Saving power in base stations is therefore the primary focus in green cellular networks. The main goal of designing green base stations is for...

The fast frequency response (FFR) function in renewable energy source (RES)-based power stations has proved to be able improve the stability of systems with high RES penetration significantly. However, most current FFR functions photovoltaic (PV) typically show deviations and unnecessary loss issues that are caused by inadequate station distribution strategies. This is particularly important ca...

For an ad hoc IEEE 802.11 WLAN we investigate how the stations' incentives to launch a backoff attack i.e., to configure small minimum and maximum CSMA/CA contention windows in pursuit of a larger-than-fair bandwidth share, affect a proposed capacity-fairness index (CFI). We link CFI to the network size, "power awareness," a station's perception of the other stations' susceptibility to incentiv...