Motivated by our earlier work, we analyze how the inflaton decay reheats the Universe within supersymmetry. In a nonsupersymmetric case the inflaton usually decays via preheating unless its couplings to other fields are very small. Naively one would expect that supersymmetry enhances bosonic preheating as it introduces new scalars such as squarks and sleptons. On the contrary, we point out that...

In many models of inflation, the period of accelerated expansion ends with preheating, a highly non-thermal phase of evolution during which the inflaton pumps energy into a specific set of momentum modes of field(s) to which it is coupled. This necessarily induces large, transient density inhomogeneities which can source a significant spectrum of gravitational waves. In this paper, we consider ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of composite preheating and polymerization mode on degree of conversion (DC), microhardness (KHN), plasticization (P), and depth of polymerization (DP) of a bulk fill composite. METHODS Forty disc-shaped samples (n = 5) of a bulk fill composite were prepared (5 × 4 mm thick) and randomly divided into 4 groups according to light-curing ...

We describe a detailed analytic model for predicting statistical quantities (such as number counts, redshift distributions and sizes) of clusters detected in blank-field, thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect experiments. We include in this model the possibility of non-Gaussian density perturbations in the early Universe and also describe a simple model for the effects of preheating on cluster Suny...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although cryogen spray cooling (CSC) in conjunction with laser therapy has become the clinical standard for treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks, the current approach does not produce complete lesion blanching in the vast majority of patients. The objectives of this study are to: (1) experimentally determine the dynamic CSC heat flux when a skin phantom is pre...

We study (p)reheating in modular (closed string) inflationary scenarios, with a special emphasis on Kähler moduli/Roulette models. It is usually assumed that reheating in such models occurs through perturbative decays. However, we find that there are very strong non-perturbative preheating decay channels related to the particular shape of the inflaton potential (which is highly nonlinear and ha...

We present a complete computation of the inflaton decay into very massive fermions during preheating, including back-reaction effects. We show that heavy fermions are produced very efficiently up to masses of order 10–10 GeV; the accessible mass range is thus even broader than the one for heavy bosons. We apply our findings to the leptogenesis scenario, proposing a new version of it, in which t...

Preheating can convert superhorizon fluctuations of light scalar fields present at the end of inflation into observable density perturbations. We show in detail how lattice field theory simulations and the separate universes approximation can be used to calculate these perturbations and make predictions for the nonlinearity parameter fNL. We also present a simple approximation scheme that can r...

In numerical simulations studying preheating in the classical approximation there is the problem how to derive the classical initial conditions from the quantum vacuum fluctuations. In past treatments, the initial conditions often put an energy density into the classical field of order of the cutoff, leading to a divergent temperature after thermalization. We suggest a solution to the problem w...

We study the generation of magnetic fields during preheating within a scenario of hybrid inflation at the electroweak scale. We find that the nonperturbative and strongly out-of-equilibrium process of generation of magnetic fields with a nontrivial helicity occurs along the lines predicted by Vachaspati many years ago. The magnitude (rho_{B}/rho_{EW} approximately 10{-2}) and correlation length...