The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organisation in which representatives of 30 industrialised countries in North America, Europe and the Asia and Pacific region, as well as the European Commission, meet to coordinate and harmonise policies, discuss issues of mutual concern, and work together to respond to international problems. Most of the ...

We demonstrated previously that the aqueous root extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (cryptolepis), with cryptolepine as the major constituent adversely affect reproduction and foetal development in mice. However, very little is known on the effect of prenatal exposure of cryptolepis on the post-natal life of surviving animals. Using murine models, we report here, the effects of prenatal expos...

the outcome and proper management of fetal hydronephrosis have not been completely defined. the purpose of this study was to determine incidence and outcome of infants with a history of prenatal hydronephrosis diagnosed by ultrasound. in a three-year period from 2000 to 2003 we identified 211 cases (271 renal units) of fetal hydronephrosis in which renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter was more...

BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to lead is associated with deficits in neurodevelopment and with hematopoietic system toxicity. DNA methylation may be one of the underlying mechanisms for the adverse effects of prenatal lead on the offspring, but epigenome-wide methylation data for low levels of prenatal lead exposure are lacking. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between prenatal mat...

California sea lions have been a repeated subject of investigation for early life toxicity, which has been documented to occur with increasing frequency from late February through mid-May in association with organochlorine (PCB and DDT) poisoning and infectious disease in the 1970's and domoic acid poisoning in the last decade. The mass early life mortality events result from the concentrated b...

Developmental toxicology is the study of undesirable effects on the development of the organism, which may result from exposure before conception, from the period of prenatal development, or postnatally during the time of sexual maturation. The principal manifestations of developmental toxicity include: embryolethality, malformations, growth retardation, and functional impairment. In 2001, the ...

Development of approaches to risk assessment for reproductive toxicity has aided in the critical evaluation of the scientific basis for interpretation of data and the description of assumptions underlying the process. In addition, it has helped to standardize, to the extent possible, the use of qualitative and quantitative data in the hazard identification and dose-response processes and to ide...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) at a daily dose devoid of overt signs of toxicity and/or gross malformations (0.5 mg/kg, gestation days 5-20), influences cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission, learning and emotional reactivity in rat offspring. Basal and K+-evoked extracellular glutamate levels were...