We have used culture conditions which simulate the microenvironment of breast tumors for the isolation and propagation of primary breast tumor cells in vitro. In this monolayer setup, the mixture of cells dissociated from primary breast tumors is subjected to self-created gradients of oxygen and nutrients as well as metabolic waste and extracellular pH. The tumor populations isolated under thes...

Primary sensitivity tests were done on 90 specimens of infected urine, and the results were compared with those of secondary tests on pure cultures done by three diffusion methods. There was good correlation between the four methods. In a second study, the reliability of primary tests prepared in the clinical laboratory on specimens of pus was assessed, and the frequency with which a definitive...

Cultured primary adult rodent heart cells are an important model system for cardiovascular research. Nevertheless, establishment of robust, viable cultured adult myocytes can be a technically challenging, rate-limiting step for many researchers. Here we described a protocol to obtain a high yield of adult rat heart myocytes that remain viable in culture for several days. The heart is isolated a...

Dopaminergic neurons represent less than 1% of the total number of neurons in the brain. This low amount of neurons regulates important brain functions such as motor control, motivation, and working memory. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons selectively degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). This progressive neuronal loss is unequivocally associated with the motors symptoms of the pathology (b...

We have used culture conditions which simulate the microenvironment of breast tumors for the isolation and propagation of primary breast tumor cells in vitro. In this monolayer setup, the mixture of cells dissoci ated from primary breast tumors is subjected to self-created gradients of oxygen and nutrients as well as metabolic waste and extracellular pH. The tumor populations isolated under the...

OBJECTIVE To explore perceptions of safety culture in nine different types of primary care professions and to study possible differences. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Three hundred and thirteen practices from nine types of primary care profession groups in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Professional staff from primary care practices. Nine professions participated: dental care, di...

It has been recommended that routine microbiological processing of urine specimens include quantitative plating onto blood agar medium along with a selective and differential agar such as MacConkey agar for gram-negative organisms. Few data have been published to justify this combination. To evaluate the validity of this recommendation 2,553 midstream, clean-voided urine samples were quantitati...

One of the limitations of conventional tissue culture on flat two-dimensional surfaces is the loss of complex interactions between the epithelium and stroma. We have devised a culture system that recreates the salient features of the stratified epithelium using primary cell cultures from mouse models. The protocol described here is applicable to the esophageal epithelium, but stratified epithel...

Oxygen (O2) is an essential element for aerobic respiration. Atmospheric concentration of O2 is approximately 21%. Mammalian cells, however, are generally adapted to O2 levels much lower than atmospheric conditions. The pericellular levels of O2 must also be maintained within a fairly narrow range to meet the demands of cells. This applies equally to cells in vivo and cells in primary cultures....

Tissue culture has been used for the study of animal viruses since 1906 when Aldershoff and Boers first grew vaccinia in rabbit tissue separate from the whole host.2 Other limited successes were obtained in the years following, but extensive use of tissue culture in animal virology awaited the studies of Enders, Weller, and Robbins' on a human agent, poliovirus. Since then, the use of tissue cu...