Modern automated production lines usually use one or multiple computer-controlled robots or hoists for material handling between workstations. A typical application of such lines is an automated electroplating line for processing printed circuit boards PCBs . In these systems, cyclic production policy is widely used due to large lot size and simplicity of implementation. This paper addresses cy...

In recent Printed Circuit Boards (PCB), the design size and density have increased, and the improvement of routing tools for PCB is required. Although there are several routing tools that generate high-quality global routings when only horizontal and vertical segments are used, PCB designers are not satisfied with these tools because high-density PCBs require segments that have arbitrary direct...

Test printed circuit test boards (PCBs) with various surface finishes were subjected to a mixed flowing gas environment with gaseous composition adjusted to achieve a targeted 500600 nm/day copper corrosion rate. Board surface finishes included immersion silver (ImAg), organic solderability preservative (OSP) and lead-free hot-air-solder leveling (Pbfree HASL). The PCB test specimens were prepa...

We consider a typical problem in the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCBs) in a two-machine flow shop system to simultaneously minimize the weighted sum of weighted tardiness and weighted flow time. The investigated problem is a group scheduling problem in which PCBs are assembled in groups and the interest is to find the best sequence of groups as well as the boards within each group to mi...

Present work is a part of developing novel recycling technique for waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) i.e. the liberation of metals from PCBs by organic swelling followed by the treatment of resin to remove/ recover hazardous soldering materials. In order to recover the hazardous metallic constituent lead from the liberated resin, initially the leaching studies were made using fresh solder con...

The technological development propitiates the rapid replacement of electrical and electronic equipment, which makes it indispensable to develop recycling processes for treatment this equipment when discarded. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are fundamental components equipment. PCBs composed ceramics, polymers, metals. Copper is metal that present in greatest percentage mobile phone PCBs. objecti...

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be an important source of non-ferrous metals (Al, Sn, Zn, and Ni) precious (Au, Ag, Cu, Pd). With the continuous increase in demand for due to depletion ores, recycling this waste is becoming attractive alternative. The printed circuits also contain hazardous metals, such as Pb, Hg, As, Cd. Due huge amount e-waste, processing metal recovery proper handling subs...

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a nearly ubiquitous component of every kind electronic device. With the rapid development integrated and semiconductor technology, size PCB can shrink down to very tiny dimension. Therefore, high-precision defect detection in PCBs needs be achieved. This paper reviews various methods by analysing more than 100 related articles from 1990 2022. The methodology ho...

⎯Due to the shortcomings of the diagnosis systems for complex electronic devices such as failure models hard to build and low fault isolation resolution, a new hierarchical modeling and diagnosis method is proposed based on multisignal model and support vector machine (SVM). Multisignal model is used to describe the failure propagation relationship in electronic device system, and the most prob...