We present the architecture and implementation of the proz tool to validate high-level Z specifications. The tool was integrated into prob, by providing a translation of Z into B and by extending the kernel of prob to accommodate some new syntax and data types. We describe the challenge of going from the tool friendly formalism B to the more specification-oriented formalism Z, and show how many...

The state-based formal methods B and TLA share the common base of predicate logic, arithmetic and set theory. However, there are still considerable differences, such as the way to specify state transitions, the different approaches to typing, and the available tool support. In this paper, we present a translation from B to TLA to validate B specifications using the model checker TLC. The transl...

In this paper we describe the successful application of the ProB validation tool on an industrial case study. The case study centres on the San Juan metro system installed by Siemens. The control software was developed and formally proven with B. However, the development contains certain assumptions about the actual rail network topology which have to be validated separately in order to ensure ...

Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) has been increasingly utilized in genetic determinants of various inherited diseases. We identified a new variation in SERAC1 as the cause of 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria (MEG), Deafness (D), Encephalopathy (E), and Leigh-like (L), MEGDEL syndrome using WES. We found an insertion, rs797045105 (chr6, 158571484, C>CCATG), in the SERAC1 gene with homozygous genotype in ...

Expression of carbohydrate ABH blood group antigens is oncodevelopmentally regulated and their presence on tumor cells constitutes a prognostic factor. However, it is not clear whether they directly affect tumor behavior. Using a rat model of colon carcinoma, we previously observed an association between the presence of H blood group antigens and tumorigenicity in syngeneic animals. In the pres...

Perturbation of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1- and OAT3-mediated transport can alter the exposure, efficacy, and safety of drugs. Although there have been reports of the endogenous biomarkers for OAT1/3, none of these have all of the characteristics required for a clinical useful biomarker. Cynomolgus monkeys were treated with intravenous probenecid (PROB) at a dose of 40 mg/kg in this stud...

Expression of carbohydrate ABH blood group antigens Is oncodevel opmentally regulated and their presence on tumor ceHs constitutes a prognostic factor. However, It is not clear whether they directly affect tumor behavior. Using a rat model of colon carcinoma, we previously observed an association between the presence of H blood group antigens and tumorigealcity in syngeneic animals. In the pres...

We propose a video retrieval framework based on a novel combination of spatiograms and the Jensen-Shannon divergence, and validate its performance in two quantitative experiments on TRECVID BBC Rushes data. In the first experiment, color-based methods are tested by grouping redundant shots in an unsupervised clustering. Results of the second experiment show that motion-based spatiograms make a ...