Today, fishing is the dominant source of mortality in most com fish stocks. Life-history theory predicts that, under most circum mortality at potential ages and sizes at maturation selects for ear deed, commercially exploited fish stocks often show trends towa tion. However, another plausible explanation exists: earlier matu reflect phenotypic plasticity. Because of this ambiguity in disent and...

in this paper, a new enhanced version of the particle swarm optimization (pso) is presented. an important modification is made by adding probabilistic functions into pso, and it is named probabilistic particle swarm optimization (ppso). since the variation of the velocity of particles in pso constitutes its search engine, it should provide two phases of optimization process which are: explorati...

Soft computing is an association of computing methodologies that includes fuzzy logic, neuro-computing, evolutionary computing, and probabilistic computing. After a brief overview of Soft Computing components, we will analyze some of its most synergistic combinations. We will emphasize the development of smart algorithm-controllers, such as the use of fuzzy logic to control the parameters of ev...

Probabilistic models are widely used in evolutionary and related algorithms. In Genetic Programming (GP), the Probabilistic Prototype Tree (PPT) is often used as a model representation. Drift due to sampling bias is a widely recognised problem, and may be serious, particularly in dependent probability models. While this has been closely studied in independent probability models, and more recent...

In offline data-driven multiobjective optimization, no new data are available during the optimization process. Approximation models, also known as surrogates, built using provided data. A evolutionary algorithm can be utilized to find solutions by these surrogates. The accuracy of approximated depends on surrogates and approximations typically involve uncertainties. this article, we propose pro...

Cancer is a somatic evolutionary process characterized by the accumulation of mutations, which contribute to tumor growth, clinical progression, immune escape, and drug resistance development. Evolutionary theory can be used to analyze the dynamics of tumor cell populations and to make inference about the evolutionary history of a tumor from molecular data. We review recent approaches to modeli...

Evolutionary systems (ES) include software applications that solve problems using heuristic methods instead of the deterministic ones. The classical computing used for ES development involves random to improve different kinds genomes. mappings these genomes lead individuals correspond searched solutions. individual evaluations by simulations serve improvement their genotypes. Quantum computatio...

this research is a new attempt in order to study the effect of evolution theory in the dimension of empirical ethics. in the contemporary area the evolutionary ethics is in the three branches: descriptive, prescriptive and meta-ethics. the descriptive evolutionary ethics tries to modify human’s ethical believes in the evolutionary aspect and achieves more share from two others part in this grou...