OBJECTIVES This project aims to answer a critically important question of public policy: Does effective child support enforcement lead to a change in the incidence of abortion across the United States? METHODS Using state-level data collected from 1978–2003 from a variety of sources, we employ fixed effects regression analysis to examine whether financial security as measured by five types of...

the support of agricultural sector is adopted in various countries of the globe through different means and mostly with the aims such as increasing farmers incomes, protecting domestic products, ending dependence (on foreign goods), augmenting employment and reducing poverty. this paper tries to survey the support policies in agricultural sector in different countries as far as their components...

BACKGROUND: As demand grows for health policies based on evidence, questions exist as to the capacity of developing countries to produce the health policy and systems research (HPSR) required to meet this challenge. METHODS: A postal/web survey of 176 HPSR producer institutions in developing countries assessed institutional structure, capacity, critical mass, knowledge production processes and ...

this article examines the basic assumption of rational expectations hypothesis on iran's economy from 1966 to 2003. this assumption suggests the neutrality or ineffectiveness of money policy on the development of real variables of production and employment. the results from estimation of production equation do not support the significant influence of unanticipated component of money growth...

The development and marketing of agricultural biotechnology applications has led to controversies over whether and how to regulate this new technology. The European Union has imposed severe restrictions on agricultural biotechnology, particularly in terms of approval and labeling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food. The United States has maintained a far more permissive approval po...

An enterprise network is analyzed from the viewpoint of an end-product manufacturer who receives customer orders and organises his production and supply policy so as to minimize the sum of his average holding cost and average stock-out cost. For each main component to be ordered, the producer has several possible suppliers. The arrivals of customers’ orders are random and delivery times from su...

Combining different product types into standard discount bundles is a common strategy used by producers and wholesalers to increase overall sales profitability. While markets consist of many producers and retailers, a deal is typically made between a single producer and a single retailer. This paper deals with a producer who sells items separately, and considers setting and selling standard dis...

In this paper the optimal choice of a monetary target is investigated for a small open economy that is subject to foreign monetary policy shocks. In contrast to large parts of the literature, pegging the exchange rate is never the best policy choice for the small open economy in our model. Instead, monetary targeting and, depending on the parameter combination, producer price index targeting co...

considerable indirect taxes are obtained to finance different expenditures of governments. the indirect taxes have different and to somewhat contrary effects in the economy. this paper investigates on the effects of the indirect taxes on sectors’ products to finance the government expenditures. using an input-output analysis, the effects of this policy on the cost-push price inflation and emplo...

Unanticipated software adaptations are becoming increasingly important in the domain of computer networks. Due to the performance and availability requirements of computer networks, these adaptations need to be enforced at runtime (by means of hot-swapping). However for dynamic changes to yield valid systems, a safe state for reconfiguration of the involved software modules must be enforced. Th...