background: informal payments in the health sector of many developing countries are considered as a major impediment to health care reforms. informal payments are a form of systemic fraud and have adverse effects on the performance of the health system. in this study, the frequency and extent of informal payments as well as the determinants of these payments were investigated in general hospita...

It has been over 30 years since the first articles describing payment models for clinical pharmacy services were published. The purpose of this editorial is not to simply revisit the problem that most pharmacists already understand all too well, but to provide a fresh perspective on the pharmacy profession’s continued challenges, to highlight the opportunities (or threats) presented in the Pati...

introduction payment system is any organized arrangement for transferring monetary value leading to discharge and settlement of obligation. negotiable instruments in their special meaning are tradable documents that can be used as means of payment in commercial and consuming trades and are considered as non-cash payment system among the monetary transferring systems. the negotiable instruments ...

nowadays, along with the development of human communities, wildlife has been faced with serious issues even to the estent of a threatening extinction,therefore the role of natural ecosystem preservation for the needed conservartion of wildlife is of crucial importance. estimation of payment willingness is an apparopriate method for an assessment of an individual's interest in wildlife cons...

The growth of e-learning, and subsequently, of blended learning in recent years in response to the global demand for increased productivity in education and training has been astounding! While the commercial response, including that of universities, to this rapid increase in demand and to the associated potential of communications technologies to provide global access has been impressive, signi...

This policy statement reviews the impressive progress of the State Children's Health Insurance Program since its enactment in 1997 and identifies outstanding challenges and state and federal policy recommendations. The American Academy of Pediatrics urges Congress to reauthorize SCHIP to strengthen its historic gains. The following set of recommended strategies for reauthorization pertain to fu...

This paper explores temporal aspects of control behavior in order to support the design of systems where functions can be allocated flexibly in time. Dynamic Function Scheduling, an extension of Dynamic Function Allocation approaches, highlights the role of temporal information and temporal reasoning in supervisory control decisions. The microworld experiment presented 30 participants with a su...

Nowadays mostly database applications are based on long-running and complex queries. So it will be helpful for users to have information about progress of query execution. Recently development of percent done progress indicators has been increased. For this purpose in this paper we propose such progress indicator for multiple concurrently running queries. The main focus is on providing progress...

Aurigene Discovery Technologies, the Bangalore-based biotech company, and Pierre Fabre, the second largest independent French pharmaceutical company, announced on February 11, 2014, a collaborative license, development and commercialization agreement giving Pierre Fabre worldwide rights (excluding India) to a new immune checkpoint modulator, AUNP-12, for the treatment of cancer. Aurigene will r...