The Nonproliferation Review (NPR) recently interviewed Ambassador Sergio de Queiroz Duarte of Brazil, who presided over the 2005 Seventh Review Conference of the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Ambassador Duarte discussed his views on the outcome of the conference and the future of the treaty. He provided NPR with valuable insights into the outcome of the conference and...

background: for xenograft models of triple-negative breast cancer (tnbc) to be valuable in development of molecularly-targeted drugs, careful characterization is essential to their validation. the present study aimed to validate the tnbc xenograft model with a specific focus on angiogenesis. methods : twelve tnbc xenograft tumors and 12 human breast cancer tumors (htnbc) were included in this s...

"cannot be disinvented." Yet the present policy of the declared nuclear weapon states of trying to impose nuclear apartheid by force provokes the spread of nuclear weapons, rather than supporting the stated goal of non-proliferation. The only way out of this lethal spiral is to accept global nuclear disarmament by consistent use of the law -as the world is already doing with chemical and biolog...

T terrorist attacks of September 11 2001 concentrated minds on the potential of terrorism with weapons of mass destruction (WMD), combining a timeless tactic with the most destructive weaponry. Th e margins of international tolerance of non-compliance with the WMD nonproliferation and disarmament norms and obligations narrowed dramatically after that date. Affi rming WMD proliferation as a thre...

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) is a historic achievement many years sustained advocacy and diplomacy by deft coalition governments, intergovernmental organizations civil society. This was done against all odds in face staunch opposition from nuclear weapon states their allies. TPNW’s adoption viewed some quarters as revolt or uprising majority nations realm disarmament ...

On 22 January 2021, the Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) entered into force. The TPNW has resulted in a mixed response from international community, instigating much discussion certain provisions and features TPNW. Yet underpinning these analyses rests commonly shared premise; that constitutes further example humanitarian disarmament, placing interests victims humanity a...

Disarmament has had its ups and downs, to say the least. If Dr. Johnson were with us tonight, he might quip that its persistence marks a triumph of hope over experience. Progress in this field is often slow and incremental. Sometimes it is ambiguous or subject to conflicting interpretations. Sometimes it is hard to assign credit to individuals or specific policies when progress is made, or to a...

This case study describes activities from the Dutch Association for Medical Polemology (IPPNW- affiliate NVMP-Physicians Peace) 1969 onwards, focused primarily on recent strategies, employed by civil society, to influence policies regarding urgency of abolishing nuclear weapons due their unacceptable medical and humanitarian consequences. By itself together with other society organisations, NVM...