Neutrophil nonoxidative defense mechanisms include several low molecular weight antimicrobial peptides. We have isolated a proline-arginine-rich antibacterial peptide from porcine neutrophils. This cationic, low molecular weight peptide has a very high degree of identity (97%) to a bactericidal peptide, PR-39, that has been found in the porcine small intestine. Isolation of the same antimicrobi...

This report describes the physical and chemical properties of a series of proline-rich proteins isolated from parotid glands of isoproterenol-treated rats. As described previously (Muenzer, J., Bildstein, C., Gleason, M., and Carlson, D. M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 56235628), a dramatic increase in these proteins occurs concomitantly with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of parotid glands of rats ...

In a cell-free system from Bacillus subtilis B3, ATP-P1 exchange was catalysed by L-proline at a pH optimum of 7.2. Further stimulation by component amino acids of mycobacillin was inhibited by deprivation from the synthesizing system of even a single amino acid occurring at any point of the cyclic peptide. This inhibition, however, decreased with the distance in the molecule of the given amino...

Astins, a family of cyclopentapeptides, isolated from the roots of a medicinal plant Aster tataricus (Compositae), show antitumour activity. Their chemical structures consist of a 16-membered ring system containing a unique beta,gamma-dichlorinated proline [Pro(Cl2)], other non-coded amino acid residues, and a cis conformation in one of the peptide bonds. The beta,gamma-dichlorinated proline re...

The work describes purification and biochemical characterization of two inducible antimicrobial peptides from the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella. The peptides were isolated by a sequence of reversed-phase chromatography steps from the hemolymph of larvae immunized with viable bacteria. The first peptide is a member of the cecropin family while the second one is rich in proline residues and ha...

weight; CCKcholecystokinin; CCK1 and CCK2 receptors for gut peptides (CCK and/or gastrin) of type 1 (or A) and type 2 (or B), respectively; GI gastrointestinal; GIT gastrointestinal tract; GRP gut regulatory peptide; EU European Union; HSP heat shock protein; PACAP pituitary adenylate cyclaseactivating polypeptide; PP pancreatic polypeptide; PRPs proline-rich proteins; SI small intestine; VIP v...