A Fisher rat thyroid cell line was maintained in culture and the cells were labeled with [3H]glucosamine, [35S]sulfate, and [35S]cysteine to examine the synthesis of proteoglycans. 3H and 35S radioactivity from these precursors were incorporated into both chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans. CS proteoglycans were almost exclusively secreted into the medium while HS p...

The "response-to-retention" hypothesis of atherogenesis states that atherogenic lipoproteins, such as low density lipoprotein (LDL), are retained in vessels by proteoglycans and undergo proatherosclerotic modifications. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 has been identified in atherosclerotic vessels and has been shown to stimulate the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate- and dermatan sulfate-...

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Retention of atherogenic lipoproteins by vascular proteoglycans is thought to play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. High glucose levels cause a variety of diabetic complications by several mechanisms, including upregulation of the hexosamine pathway. G...

Matrix proteoglycans are complex molecules composed of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan side chains. Once thought to be the molecular glue providing structural support and imparting biomechanical properties to lung tissue, it is now apparent that proteoglycans are important biological modifiers which regulate processes such as lung development, homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing. T...

The keratan sulphate proteoglycans that can be prepared from bovine corneal stroma [Axelsson & Heinegård (1975) Biochem. J. 145, 491-500] were characterized by gel chromatography, gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation in associative (0.6 M-NaCl) and dissociative (6M-guanidinum chloride) solvents. The proteoglycans aggreagated at low salt concentrations and pH. The weight-averag...

Introduction Fibrous connective tissues like sclera, skin, tendon and cornea have a high content of collagen but only small amounts of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins. The specific blend of collagen and proteoglycan types determines the properties of the tissue. The proteoglycans are characterized by having a central protein core substituted by one or several glycosaminoglycan chains...

The proteoglycan superfamily now contains more than 30 full-time molecules that fulfill a variety of biological functions. Proteoglycans act as tissue organizers, influence cell growth and the maturation of specialized tissues, play a role as biological filters and modulate growth-factor activities, regulate collagen fibrillogenesis and skin tensile strength, affect tumor cell growth and invasi...

Rat ovarian granulosa cells synthesize two distinct species of plasma membrane-intercalated heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans; glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GP1)-anchored and core protein-intercalated HS proteoglycans. Both species of HS proteoglycans are primarily localized on the plasma membrane. Cell surface localization of GPI-anchored and protein-intercalated HS proteoglycans can be deter...

This study was to investigate the effects of cryopreservation on proteoglycans of arterial conduit tissue. Proteoglycans from fresh and cryopreserved porcine aorta tissues were extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) at 4 degrees C in the presence of protease inhibitors. From the tissue extracts, proteoglycans were isolated by cesium chloride (CsCl) isopycnic centrifugation and fra...

The “response-to-retention” hypothesis of atherogenesis states that atherogenic lipoproteins, such as low density lipoprotein (LDL), are retained in vessels by proteoglycans and undergo proatherosclerotic modifications. Transforming growth factor (TGF)1 has been identified in atherosclerotic vessels and has been shown to stimulate the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate– and dermatan sulfate–conta...