The aim of our study was to assess the combined impact of UVR (280-400 nm) and temperature on the first larval stage (Zoea I) of three crab species from the Patagonian coast: Cyrtograpsus altimanus, C. angulatus, and Leucippa pentagona. We determined the survival response of newly hatched Zoea I after being exposed for 8-10 h under a solar simulator (Hönle SOL 1200) at 15 and 20 degrees C. Ther...

Considerable research has examined plant responses to concurrent attack by herbivores and pathogens, but the effects of attack by parasitic plants, another important class of plant-feeding organisms, on plant defenses against other enemies has not been explored. We investigated how attack by the parasitic plant Cuscuta pentagona impacted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) defenses against the chewin...

The first episodes of biological control in Italy started formally in the first half of the 1800’s when Agostino Bassi demonstrated, in 1835, the activity of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against the silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.). In the same period, Antonio Villa managed to control, specifically in 1844, some insect pests by using predatory beetles (carabids a...