As international relations develop into a network-like arena, new public diplomacy receives more attention, both in research and in practice. At the same time, with the increasing role of non-state actors in international relations, their significant roles and functions have come under substantial scientific analysis. While companies engage in business abroad,  unintended results may emerge, af...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper is to investigate the relation between state and local government expenditures on public services and all cause mortality in 48 US states in 1987, and determine if the relation between income inequality and mortality is conditioned on levels of public services available in these jurisdictions. METHODS Per capita public expenditures and a needs adjusted...

The Abramov-Petkovšek reduction computes an additive decomposition of a hypergeometric term, which extends the functionality of the Gosper algorithm for indefinite hypergeometric summation. We modify the AbramovPetkovšek reduction so as to decompose a hypergeometric term as the sum of a summable term and a non-summable one. The outputs of the Abramov-Petkovšek reduction and our modified version...

We consider the linear recurrence relation Vt (x)=∑mi=1(aix+bi )Vt−i(x)+ cx+f wherem> 1, ai and bi , 16 i 6m, are integers. The RSA and LUC schemes can be defined by this relation. In this paper we show that if the linear recurrence relation has some properties, the public-key scheme based on it cannot withstand the common modulus and chosen-message attacks, no matter what the order m is and wh...

this paper extends endogenous growth models through augmenting it with government budget and oil revenues as well as the effect of public investment efficiency on long run growth of private and government consumption and import for an oil producing economy. based on the extracted model, the optimal growth rate of government current expenditure (or consumption) has a positive relation with the e...

Problem statement: Lucas function is a special form of second-order linear recurrence relation. It is used in LUC cryptosystems. The performance of LUC cryptosystem depends on the size of public key, messages and two relatively primes. The increasing of size of these parameters will increase the computation time need to perform the LUC Cryptosystem computation. The efficiency means the quality ...