We explore optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies which can be achieved with femto- and picosecond optical pulses in electro-optic crystals with periodically inverted sign of second-order susceptibility. Optimal crystal lengths, pulse durations, pulse formats and focusing are regarded. We show that for sufficiently short (femtosecond) optical pulses, with a pulsewidth much shorter than th...

Low-temperature plasma has exhibited high efficiency for fast remediation of organic-polluted soil with water content (less than 20%). In the present study, the feasibility of remediation of p-Nitrophenol (PNP) contaminated over-wet soil (water content of 100%) was studied using pulsed corona discharge plasma, which was generated in a needle-plate discharge reactor. Effect of energy input model...

A high-stability and high-efficiency ring Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier is demonstrated based on a double-gating pulse picker at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Pulse energy up to 5.7 mJ is obtained using a pump energy of 20.0 mJ at 527 nm, corresponding to a relatively high slope efficiency of 30.3%. After a grating compressor, the laser pulse is compressed to 37.2 fs with an energy of 4.1 mJ...

Molecular biological improvement of industrial solventogenic clostridia could be enhanced by a higher efficiency of electrotransformation. In this research, we used a new approach to determine the frequency spontaneously generated by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 cells during the application of a square high-voltage pulse. Once the frequency of 100 kHz was determined we transformed clostr...

We simulate fusion power plant driver efficiency by pulsing small induction cores at 5 Hz (a typical projected power plant repetition rate), with a resistive load in the secondary winding that is scaled to simulate the beam loading for induction acceleration. Starting from a power plant driver design that is based on other constraints, we obtain the core mass and acceleration efficiency for sev...

The generation and conduction of action potentials represents a fundamental means of communication in the nervous system, and is a metabolically expensive process. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of neural systems in a process of transfer pulse signals with action potentials. By computer simulation of a stochastic version of Hodgkin-Huxley model with detailed description of ...

In this paper, the exponential B-spline functions are used for the numerical solution of the advection-diffusion equation. Two numerical examples related to pure advection in a finitely long channel and the distribution of an initial Gaussian pulse are employed to illustrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the method. Obtained results are compared with some early studies.

The development of a single mode fiber-based pulsed laser with variable pulse duration, energy, and repetition rate has enabled the characterization of photorefractive polymer (PRP) in a previously inaccessible regime located between millisecond and microsecond single pulse illumination. With the addition of CW and nanosecond pulse lasers, four wave mixing measurements covering 9 orders of magn...

The multi pulse position amplitude modulation scheme for time-hopping multiple access impulse radio ultrawideband communication systems has been presented in this paper. Multi pulse position amplitude modulation is a hybrid modulation technique, which combines multi pulse position modulation and pulse amplitude modulation. It is shown that multi pulse position amplitude modulation significantly...

Muscle contractions present the main source of unpleasant sensations for patients undergoing electrochemotherapy. The contractions are a consequence of high voltage pulse delivery. Relatively low repetition frequency of these pulses (1 Hz) results in separate muscle contractions associated with each single pulse that is delivered. It would be possible to reduce the number of unpleasant sensatio...