Background: Although soft markers may be seen as normal variants, they are important due to their association with chromosomal and congenital abnormalities.    Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was done on 3016 women who referred for perinatal care. Fetuses with any of soft markers including thickened nuchal fold (TNF), mild pyelectasis (MP), choroid plexus cyst (C...

Objective: To evaluate ultrasound “soft markers” used in fetal genetic screening. Options: Ultrasound screening at 16 to 20 weeks is one of the most common genetic screening and (or) diagnostic tests used during pregnancy. The practical concern for ultrasound screening is false-positive and false-negative (missed or not present) results. The use and understanding of ultrasound soft markers and ...

Renal pelvic dilation refers to excessive of the fetal intrarenal collecting system. Although a different terminology is used, pelviectasis or pyelectasis most often mild dilation, and hydronephrosis reserved for severe cases that are more likely be clinically significant. Normal measurements anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter <4 mm at 16 27 weeks gestation <7 ≥28 gestation.1Odibo A.O. March...

BACKGROUND In 1968 the first antenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome was made and screening on the basis of selecting women of advanced maternal age for amniocentesis was gradually introduced into medical practice. In 1983 it was shown that low maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was associated with Down's syndrome. Later, raised maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and low unc...

A 6-year-old, male intact Chihuahua was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Bern after experiencing a single generalized seizure. The dog was hypothermic (rectal temperature, 36.1°C), obtunded and had a non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Postural reactions were reduced in all 4 limbs and a right-sided head tilt, a severely reduced menace response, delayed direct and con...

Renal cystic disease encompasses a large variety of illnesses with various phenotypic expressions that can manifest in utero, infancy, and childhood. These diseases may be unilateral or bilateral present single multiple cysts. Various also progress to chronic kidney (CKD), including failure, hepatic disease, thus potentially being life threatening. The prevalence serious complications CKD the p...

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility o f incorporating two-dim ensional ultrasound m easurem ents of nasal bone length (NBL) and prenasal thickness (PT) into the second-trim ester anom aly scan and to determ ine w hether the N BL: PT ratio could help in differentiating euploid and Down syndrome fetuses. Method Two-dim ensional m easurem ents o f NBL and PT were obtained from the midsagittal p...