Iranian houses have changed physically and communicatively over the years. The turning point of these changes can be seen in the architecture of houses of the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. In order to examine these changes, eight houses of Tabriz were selected in this study. Four of them belong to the Qajar period and the other four to the Pahlavi period. One of the houses, which belong to the tra...

Qajar painting influenced Iran’s painting with a new kind of illustrations originating from the past traditions. Art and cultural politics of Fath Ali Shah performs an obvious role amongst the influential agents and historical events in the era of Qajar paintings for a presentation of the concepts of power in the social, political and cultural arena. Fath Ali Shah’s patronage of the art alters ...

Iranian carpets have always had a function beyond just hand- woven. By studying the designs and motifs of this valuable Iranian handicraft, it can be said that the designs and structures have some kind of roots in the culture of this land. The carpet can also be called the cultural identity of Iran. One of the most interesting functions of Iranian carpets in the Qajar period is to use it as a m...

Iran and Ottoman relations had started from the victory of Timūr Gurkānī on Bayezid I, the Ottoman king, in the battle of Ankara in 804. These relations continued with a mixture of peace and war until the end of the Qajar dynasty. The relations between Iran and the Ottoman during the Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar period have not been much considered due to the new political and social interactions in...

The economic policies of Iran in the early nineteenth century led to the expansion of foreign trade. After that border customs became one of the important sources of income for the country. It seems that by the prosperity of border customs, Kermanshah was also developed due to being on the trade route leading to the Ottoman. The question of the present study is what was the influence of the bor...