Inferences regarding phylogenetic patterns and constraints on the evolution of characters often can be derived only from comparisons of extant species. If the phylogeny of these species is known, then the mean phenotypes of taxa can be partitioned into heritable phylogenetic effects and nonheritable residual components. Methods are presented for the estimation of phylogenywide means of characte...

The usual analysis of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) is based on the linear regression of genotypic performance on environmental changes (e.g., classic stability analysis). This linear model may often lead to lumping together of the non-linear responses to the whole range of environmental changes from suboptimal and super optimal conditions, thereby lowering the power of detecting G...

Life-history theory predicts that resource scarcity constrains individual optimal reproductive strategies and shapes the evolution of life-history traits. In species where the inherited structure of social class may lead to consistent resource differences among family lines, between-class variation in resource availability should select for divergence in optimal reproductive strategies. Evaluat...

A starting point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 add.cim.covar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 add.threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 addcovarint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 addint . ...

The first and last names for the second and the fifth authors were inadvertently switched. The first name appears as the last name and the last name appears as the first name. Zhao Xinwang should be Xinwang Zhao and Tu Jinxing should be Jinxing Tu. The correct citation is: Bu SH, Zhao X, Yi C, Wen J, Tu J, Zhang YM (2015) Interacted QTL Mapping in Partial NCII Design Provides Evidences for Bree...

Most statistical methods for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping focus on a single phenotype. However, multiple phenotypes are commonly measured, and recent technological advances have greatly simplified the automated acquisition of numerous phenotypes, including function-valued phenotypes, such as growth measured over time. While methods exist for QTL mapping with function-valued phenotypes,...

The contribution of size 3 and size 4 sibships to power in covariance structure modeling of a codominant QTL is investigated. Power calculations are based on the noncentral chi-square distribution. Sixteen sets of parameter values are considered. Results indicate that size 3 and size 4 sibships provided large increases in power over size 2 sibships. On average a size 3 (4) sibship is 3 (6 to 7)...