Mutation rate variation has the potential to bias evolutionary inference, particularly when rates become much higher than the mean. We first confirm prior work that inferred the existence of cryptic, site-specific rate variation on the basis of coincident polymorphisms-sites that are segregating in both humans and chimpanzees. Then we extend this observation to a longer evolutionary timescale b...

We carry out general relativistic ray-tracing radiative-transfer calculations to study whether a localized emission from $e^{\pm}$ plasma rings created at the stagnation surface in jet funnel, which we refer as rings, can explain ring image of M87 observed by Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 2017. The resultant images consist direct and formed via strong deflection black-hole (BH) gravity, "quasi ...