The tones of Tamang (Sino-Tibetan family) involve both F0 and voice quality characteristics: two of the four tones (tones 3 and 4) were reported to be breathy in studies from the 1970s. For the present research (thirty years later), audio and electroglottographic data were collected from 5 speakers of the Risiangku dialect in their 30s or 40s. Voice quality is estimated by computing the glottal...

Vocal fold vibratory asymmetry is often associated with inefficient sound production through its impact on source spectral tilt. This association is investigated in both a computational voice production model and a group of 47 human subjects. The model provides indirect control over the degree of left-right phase asymmetry within a nonlinear source-filter framework, and high-speed videoendoscop...

In this paper, we prove that any BL-general fuzzy automaton (BL-GFA) and its quotient have the same behavior. In addition, we obtain the minimal quotient BL-GFA and minimal quotient transformation of the BL-GFA, considering the notion of maximal admissible partition. Furthermore, we show that the number of input symbols and time complexity of the minimal quotient transformation of a BL-GFA are ...

Article history: Received 13 September 2016 Accepted 28 February 2017 Available online 6 March 2017 Communicated by E. Milman MSC: 35A15 35B40 35K55 47J10

prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child's growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (iq) of children living in five rural areas in makoo/iran.in this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villag...