Dogs and mice were immunized with either a rabies glycoprotein subunit vaccine incorporated into an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) or a commercial human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) prepared from a Pitman Moore (PM) rabies vaccine strain. Pre-exposure vaccination of mice with two intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 360 ng ISCOM or 0.5 ml HDCV protected 95% (38/40) and 90% (36/40) of mice, respec...

September 28, 2014, is the 8th annual World Rabies Day. Rabies is a fatal acute encephalitis caused by lyssaviruses (1). The number of human rabies deaths worldwide is estimated to exceed 55,000 each year (2). In the United States, wild animal reservoirs serve as the most important source of infection. However, over 90% of human deaths globally are caused by bites by rabid dogs (3). Rabies cont...

Addition of 100 mug of polyadenylic: polyuridylic (poly A:U) complex to each dose of inactivated rabies vaccine increased immunity to rabies challenge in mice. Stimulation was also observed after addition of 10 mug of poly A:U to the vaccines. Mixtures of rabies vaccine and poly A:U lost their stimulatory properties after storage at 37 or 4 C for 1 month. However, these data are encouraging for...

In rabies endemic regions, a proportionally higher incidence of rabies is often reported in dogs younger than 12 months of age, which includes puppies less than 3 months of age; this presents a serious risk to public health. The higher incidence of rabies in young dogs may be the effect of low vaccination coverage in this age class, partly as a result of the perception that immature immune syst...

Lyssaviruses constitute a diverse range of viruses with the ability to cause fatal encephalitis known as rabies. Existing human rabies vaccines and post exposure prophylaxes (PEP) are based on inactivated preparations of, and neutralising antibody preparations directed against, classical rabies viruses, respectively. Whilst these prophylaxes are highly efficient at neutralising and preventing a...

PURPOSE The current live attenuated rabies vaccine must be replaced with a safer vaccine based on the ERAGS strain to prevent rabies in South Korea. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a new strain in dogs and cattle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ERAGS strain, featuring two mutations altering two amino acids in a glycoprotein of rabies virus, was propagated in NG108-15 cells. We lyophi...

RABORAL V-RG® is an oral rabies vaccine bait that contains an attenuated ("modified-live") recombinant vaccinia virus vector vaccine expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene (V-RG). Approximately 250 million doses have been distributed globally since 1987 without any reports of adverse reactions in wildlife or domestic animals since the first licensed recombinant oral rabies vaccine (ORV) ...

Rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) includes administration of both vaccine and anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Rabies immunoglobulins are expensive and available in limited quantities. There is an inherent variability in quality and specificity between batches of immunoglobulin preparations and possibility of contamination with known or unknown pathogens. To provide a cost-effective and safe re...

Skunks are one of the most important rabies vector species in North America due to their wide geographic distribution, high susceptibility to the rabies virus, and tendency to inhabit areas around human dwellings and domestic animals. Oral vaccination is a cost-effective, socially acceptable technique often used to control rabies in terrestrial wildlife; however, control of rabies in skunks has...

635 World Rabies Day is 28 September, 2016,1 and is designed to raise awareness about the prevention and control of this neglected disease. Almost all human rabies are transmitted by domestic dog bites or scratches, usually via saliva. Rabies virus replicates in the wound site and gains access to nerves to reach the central nervous system. The incubation period varies from five days to several ...