In 2004, a team comprised of researchers and service providers launched the Safer Crack Use, Outreach, Research and Education (SCORE) project in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The project was aimed at developing a better understanding of the harms associated with crack cocaine smoking and determining the feasibility of introducing specific harm reduction strategie...

An investigation of asymptotic crack tip singular ®elds and their domain of validity is carried out for mode I cracks in solids characterized by the phenomenological strain gradient plasticity theory proposed by Fleck NA, Hutchinson JW. (Strain gradient plasticity. In: Hutchinson JW, Wu TY, editors. Advances in applied mechanics, vol. 33. New York: Academic Press, 1997. pp. 295±361.) Separable ...

The evolution of surface damage in bilayers due to cyclic spherical indentation in the presence of incompressible lubricant is studied using an all-transparent glass/polycarbonate system as amodel formore practical applications such as dental crowns and rolling contact fatigue. In situ observations and post-mortem material sectioning reveal that inner cone cracks evolve sequentially from the co...

The growth of transverse cracks under expanding spherical contact in a model system consisted of soda-lime glass bonded to a polycarbonate substrate is observed in situ from below or from the polished edge of the bilayer. Abrasion or chemical etching is employed on the coating surfaces to control the initial fracture. In the limit case of monoliths, the crack mouth becomes fully engulfed by the...

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Pekka Tukiainen Name of the doctoral dissertation Mode I fracture behaviour of Norway spruce and silver birch in the radial-tangential and tangential-radial crack orientations: Publisher School of Chemical Technology Unit Department of Forest Products Technology Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS...

Stress corrosion cracks (SCC) in low-pressure steam turbine discs are serious hidden dangers to production safety in the power plants, and knowing the orientation and depth of the initial cracks is essential for the evaluation of the crack growth rate, propagation direction and working life of the turbine disc. In this paper, a method based on phased array ultrasonic transducer and artificial n...

This study examined fracture toughness (KIC) measurements obtained using the indentation fracture (IF) method with a view to improving their reliability. The KIC values of five dental ceramics were measured using the IF method with five different formulas, and the single-edge precracked beam (SEPB) method was used as a control. The elastic moduli of the dental ceramics were evaluated by dynamic...

The change in near-tip stress field in Small Scale Yielding (SSY) for cracks located at an interface between two materials with different plastic work hardening is investigated. The difference in hardening is termed hardening mismatch, and is quantified through the parameter n, which is the difference in hardening exponent between the two materials. For cracks in elastic-ideally plastic materia...