The objective of this study is to determine the most energy efficient and cost effective combination of architectural elements and mechanical systems to specify in an office building while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment for the occupants. A commercial office building located in the Minneapolis area with three heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems an...

The primary energy consumption in residential buildings is determined by the envelope thermal characteristics, air change, outside climatic data, users’ behaviour and the adopted heating system and its control. The new Italian regulations strongly suggest the installation of centralized boilers in renovated buildings with more than four apartments. This work aims to investigate the differences ...

The objective of this work is the investigation of intense pulsed light (IPL) photoepilation using Monte Carlo simulation to model the effect of the output dosimetry with millisecond exposure used by typical commercial IPL systems. The temporal pulse shape is an important parameter, which may affect the biological tissue response in terms of efficacy and adverse reactions. This study investigat...

Brainstem neurons that are thought to modulate pain are reported to have state-dependent discharge rates. Yet, the effect of behavioral state upon nociceptive transmission has not been well studied. Therefore, we examined responses to noxious thermal stimulation of the rat hindpaw presented during different behavioral states. Noxious thermal stimuli were applied to rats as they spontaneously cy...