This review updates material prepared for the UK Government Committee Examining Radiation Risks from Internal Emitters (CERRIE) and also refers to the new recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and other recent developments. Two conclusions from CERRIE were that ICRP should clarify and elaborate its advice on the use of its dose quantities, equivalent ...

UNLABELLED This work aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of scattered radiation doses induced by exposure to the portable X-ray, the C-arm machine, and to simulate the radiologist without a shield of lead clothing, radiation doses absorbed by medical staff at 2 m from the central exposure point. MATERIAL AND METHOD With the adoption of the Rando Phantom, several frequently X-rayed b...

the hematopoietic syndrome is anticipated when a dose of radiation greater than 100 cgy is received. the resulting clinical situation is life-threatening because of opportunistic infections and gradual decline in immune competency due to irradiation. because of evidence of a possible immunomodulatory role for cimetidine, an antagonist of histamine h2 receptors, we studied the effects of this dr...

Interventional cardiology is a minimally-invasive imaging procedure that allows medical doctor to evaluate and treat structural heart diseases. Due its main advantages of avoidance the scars pain, as well long post-operative recovery, interventional procedures have rapidly been growing. However, increasingly complex time-consuming in may increase radiation exposure received by patients. This pa...

A Monte Carlo based computer model has been developed for electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) to calculate organ and effective doses in a humanoid hermaphrodite phantom. The program has been validated by comparison with experimental measurements of the CT dose index in standard head and body CT dose phantoms; agreement to better than 8% has been found. The robustness of the model has been ...

To establish the maximum permissible radiation doses for occupational and other kinds of radiation exposure, it is necessary to know those biological effects which can be produced by very small radiation doses. This particular field of radiation biology has not yet been sufficiently explored. This holds true for possible delayed damage after occupational radiation exposure over a period of many...

Radiation doses to Patient during CT scanner and the radiological risk are significant. Patient dose survey has been conducted toinvestigate the Iraq patient radiation dosesreceived in CT scanners in order to established reference dose levels. These doses are Entrance Surface Dose (ESD),computed tomography dose index(CTDI)), and dose length product (DLP). Two CT scanner were investigated in thi...

The “Linear No Threshold” hypothesis, used in all radiation protection practices, assumes that all doses, no matter how low, increase risk. However, in human and other mammalian cells, low doses of low LET radiation such as gamma and X-rays induce an adaptive response that protects against both radiation-induced and spontaneous risk. An in vivo test of the hypothesis in mice showed that a 100-m...

Dental panoramic tomography is a technique by which an image of the entire dentition may be obtained on a single film, without superimposition of superficial structures or deeper than teeth and jaws. These machines are characterized by the fact that the tube and the cassette holder are mobile, so they rotate from one side of the patient’s head around his back to the other side. During this moti...