background: in order to deliver the precise dose to the target in radiotherapy, absorbed dose to water at the reference point should be assessed. when the calibration procedure is performed for a reference dosimeter in the 60co beam of a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl), the total uncertainty in absorbed dose to water (dw) is estimated to be approximately 1.5%. this study attempts...

By using the finite element $p$-Version in convection-diffusion problems, we can attain to a stabilized and accurate results. Furthermore, the fundamental of the finite element $p$-Version is augmentation degrees of freedom. Based on the fact that the finite element and the meshless methods have similar concept, it is obvious that many ideas in the finite element can be easily used in the meshl...

For long time the nature of spacetime had been subject debate, here another version will be discussed in form space and fields where a new concept energy constraining can explain interactions between those fields.
 This model comes three parts: constraining, evolution quanton their different transitions are discussed, second part, fields, degrees freedom third part: electromagnetic waves a...