Rain and snow bring poor visibility at outdoor vision systems. The common used image processing methods may be not suitable for a degraded image. In this paper, a guidance image method is proposed to remove rain and snow in a single image. To removal rain and snow only using one image, a guidance image is derived from the imaging model of a raindrop or a snowflake when it is passing through an ...

Earth's climate has changed, within life-sustaining bounds, from warm to cool intervals, on scales from thousands to hundreds of millions of years. In the Phanerozoic Eon there have been three intervals of glaciation (Ordovician, Carboniferous and Cenozoic) lasting tens of millions of years, with ice down to sea level at mid-latitudes (Frakes et al., 1992; Crowell, 1999). These cool " ice-house...

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) active at modest supercooling (e.g. −8 C; INP−8) can transform clouds from liquid to mixed phase, even at very small number concentrations (< 10 m−3). Over the course of 15 months, we found very similar patterns in weekly concentrations of INP−8 in PM10 (median= 1.7 m−3, maximum= 10.1 m−3) and weekly amounts of rainfall (median= 28 mm, maximum= 153 mm) at Birkene...

Simultaneous observations of aerosols, gases, and precipitation chemistry were carried out at the cloud base level and the surface during the fall of 1979, the winter of 1979-1980 and the summer of 1980. With due regard to the effects of the evaporation of precipitation particles and the absorption of gases, the relative importance of in-cloud scavenging and below-cloud scavenging, and the coll...

in this paper, synoptic patterns associated with maximum precipitation over the khorasan region, between 1985-2000 with the computation of some forcing functions are studied and classified into three types. type a: consists of the anticyclones that move from the scandinavian peninsula and central-europe in an east and south-east direction during cold seasons, with relatively high speed and cold...

    In this research in order to frequency analysis of maximum daily rainfall in various climates of Iran the data of 40 synoptic rain gauges collected in 40 years period i.e., 1973 to 2012 were used. These stations are located in various climates of Iran according to De Martonne climatic classification. At first, input of data to HYFA package was performed. The mentioned package includes seven...

Increased urbanization has resulted in water quality and flooding problems for many receiving waters in the United States. Bioretention, or rain gardens, is one of the most widely popular and effective best management practices in low impact development (LID), which strives to return a watershed to a predevelopment hydrologic regime. Many studies have evaluated large bioretention cells in resea...

This study characterizes the spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol and precipitation composition at six sites across the United States Southwest between 1995 and 2010. Precipitation accumulation occurs mostly during the wintertime (December-February) and during the monsoon season (July-September). Rain and snow pH levels are usually between 5-6, with crustal-derived species playing a major r...