Transforms reduce the distributions of surface-runoff and sediment-transport variables to nearexponential distributions typical of rainfall duration and intensity. Two transform parameters are determined from field measurements using either a graphical method or the method of moments. The transforms were tested on both small experimental plots and very large watersheds for the distributions of ...

The rational method is derived as a special case of kinematic wave flow. The definition of runoff coefficient is expanded from the flow-based ratio into volume-based ratio between the volumes under runoff hydrograph and rainfall hyetograph. The new method presented in this paper provides a dimensionless approach to theoretically derive the runoff coefficients for both the conventional two-flow ...

Considering the importance of water and computing the amount of rainfall runoff resulted from precipitation in recent decades, using appropriate methods for predicting the amount of runoff from rainfall date has been really essential. Rainfall-runoff models are used to estimate runoff generated from precipitation in the catchment area. Rainfall-runoff process is totally a non-linear phenomenon....

Use of small plots and rainfall simulators to extrapolate trends in runoff water quality requires careful consideration of hydrologic process represented under such conditions. A modified version of the National Phosphorus Runoff Project (NPRP) protocol was used to assess the hydrology of paired 1 x 2 m plots established on two soils with contrasting hydrologic properties (somewhat poorly drain...

Water is the most production limiting factor for dryland cropping systems in semiarid Great Plains environments. Evaporation is responsible for the greatest amount of water loss and management practices such as notill have been adopted to reduce evaporative losses. Less is known about the magnitude of water loss due to runoff. An objective of this study is to estimate an expected range in rainf...

The "Grain for Green Project" is a country-wide ecological program to converse marginal cropland to forest, which has been implemented in China since 2002. To quantify influence of this significant vegetation change, Guansihe Hydrological (GSH) Model, a validated physically-based distributed hydrological model, was applied to simulate runoff responses to land use change in the Guansihe watershe...

Rainfall-Runoff and Signal Separation Problems: The process of converting rainfall into runoff is a highly nonlinear problem due to the soil-water interaction that starts when rainfall reaches the ground. Additional variables to consider are evaporation, transpiration, losses due to vegetation and land use, and the different flow processes that take place in a watershed. For instance, baseflow ...

Ecohydrology. 2017;10:e1813. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1813 Abstract The use of green infrastructure for reducing stormwater runoff is increasingly common. One under‐studied component of the green infrastructure network is the urban forest system. Trees can play an important role as the “first line of defense” for restoring more natural hydrologic regimes in urban watersheds by intercepting r...

Acid soil covers one third of the world arable lands. Excess Al and H in acid soil are not favorable for most plants. Calcium carbonates and gypsum (CaSO4) are used to improve chemical status of the acid soil. However, application of Ca cation may sometimes enhance dispersion and deteriorate soil physical properties. Presenting study discusses effect of non-ionic polyacrylamide (PAM) applicatio...

investigation of inter-storm variability of runoff and soil loss characteristics helps experts and decision makes better understanding of hydrological response. however, this important has been less considered in the world, especially developing countries. the present study was therefore planned to evaluate the effect of different rainfall intensities and slopes on inter-storm variability of co...