We derive several limit results for the profile of random plane-oriented recursive trees. These include the limit distribution of the normalized profile, asymptotic bimodality of the variance, asymptotic approximation to the expected width and the correlation coefficients of two level sizes. Most of our proofs are based on a method of moments. We also discover an unexpected connection between t...

We propose a new, direct, correlation-free approach based on central moments of profiles to the asymptotics of width (size of the most abundant level) in some random trees of logarithmic height. The approach is simple but gives precise estimates for expected width, central moments of the width, and almost sure convergence. It is widely applicable to random trees of logarithmic height, including...

For a martingale (Xn) converging almost surely to a random variable X , the sequence (Xn − X) is called martingale tail sum. Recently, Neininger [Random Structures Algorithms, 46 (2015), 346-361] proved a central limit theorem for the martingale tail sum of Régnier’s martingale for the path length in random binary search trees. Grübel and Kabluchko [2014, preprint, arXiv 1410.0469] gave an alte...

We study the limiting distribution of the degree of a given node in a scaled attachment random recursive tree, a generalized random recursive tree, which is introduced by Devroye et. al (2011). In a scaled attachment random recursive tree, every node $i$ is attached to the node labeled $lfloor iX_i floor$ where $X_0$, $ldots$ , $X_n$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables, with support in [0,...

Total path length, or search cost, for a rooted tree is defined as the sum of all root-to-node distances. Let Tn be the total path length for a random recursive tree of order n. Mahmoud (1991) showed that Wn := (Tn − E[Tn])/n converges almost surely and in L2 to a nondegenerate limiting random variable W . Here we give recurrence relations for the moments of Wn and of W and show that Wn converg...

For n ≥ 1, let Tn be a random recursive tree (RRT) on the vertex set [n] = {1, . . . , n}. Let degTn (v) be the degree of vertex v in Tn, that is, the number of children of v in Tn. Devroye and Lu [6] showed that the maximum degree ∆n of Tn satisfies ∆n/⌊log2 n⌋ → 1 almost surely; Goh and Schmutz [7] showed distributional convergence of ∆n − ⌊log2 n⌋ along suitable subsequences. In this work we...

We propose a new, direct, correlation-free approach based on central moments of profiles to the asymptotics of width (size of the most abundant level) in random trees of logarithmic height. The approach is simple but gives very precise estimates for expected width, central moments of the width, and almost sure convergence. It is widely applicable to random trees of logarithmic height, including...

We introduce random recursive trees, where deterministically weights are attached to the edges according to the labeling of the trees. We will give a bijection between recursive trees and permutations, which relates the arising edge-weights in recursive trees with inversions of the corresponding permutations. Using this bijection we obtain exact and limiting distribution results for the number ...

We study the influence of the seed in random trees grown according to the uniform attachment model, also known as uniform random recursive trees. We show that different seeds lead to different distributions of limiting trees from a total variation point of view. To do this, we construct statistics that measure, in a certain well-defined sense, global “balancedness” properties of such trees. Our...