Papillomaviruses use rare codons relative to their hosts. Recent studies have demonstrated that synonymous codon changes in viral genes can lead to increased protein production when the codons are matched to those of cells in which the protein is being expressed. We theorized that the immunogenicity of the virus would be enhanced by matching codons of selected viral genes to those of the host. ...

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, also known as Krabbe disease), whose pathophysiology is still not completely elucidated, is an inherited, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disease, caused by the deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC) or in very rare cases by lack of active saposin A. We describe two patients, in whom first MRI changes were not suggestive of GLD. Additionally, in Patient ...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the prototype of genus Hepatovirus, has many biological characteristics that distinguish it from other members of the Picornaviridae family. Among these it is worth of note the need for an intact eIF4G factor for the initiation of translation and thus the inability to shut down host protein synthesis by a similar mechanism as in other picornaviruses. Consequently, HAV m...

In this paper, we analyzed the UL43 gene of duck plague virus (DPV) of codon usage bias. The results may provide a basis for understanding the evolution and pathogenesis of DPV and for selecting appropriate host expression systems to improve the expression of target gene in vitro. In this study, the synonymous codon usage bias of UL43 gene in the 24 herpesviruses have been analyzed and the resu...

BACKGROUND Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is a rare condition with a complex genetic basis. A panel of rare and functionally defective genetic variants in the sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) gene has recently been implicated in several common autoimmune conditions. We performed a case-control study to determine whether these rare variants are associated with a rarer condition, AAD. METH...

Background: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestases (PFIC) are a spectrum of autosomal progressive liver diseases developing to end-stage liver disease. ATP8B1 deficiency caused by mutations in ATP8B1 gene encoding a P-type ATPase leads to PFIC1. The gene for PFIC1 has been mapped on a 19-cM region of 18q21-q22, and a gene defect in ATP8B1 can cause deregulations in bile salt transporters...

MOTIVATION The effect of two neighboring codons (codon pairs) on gene expression is mediated via the interaction of their cognate tRNAs occupying the two functional ribosomal sites during the translation elongation step. For steric reasons it is reasonable to assume that not all combinations of codons and therefore of tRNAs are equally favorable when situated on the ribosome surface. Aiming of ...

Background: Little knowledge of synonymous codon usage pattern of pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome, especially the UL31 gene in the process for its evolution is available. Objectives: In the present study, the codon usage bias between PRV UL31 sequence and the UL31-like sequences was identified. Materials and Methods: We used a comprehensive analysi...

Background: The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays important roles in genomic stability. Several reports have noted racial differences in the prevalence of p53 genotypes at the codon 72 in patients with endometriosis.To study the association of endometriosis with p53 codon 72 polymorphism in the population of Isfahan. Materials and Methods: We undertook a case–control study to examine the possible...