Photosynthetic characteristics, leaf ionic content, and net fluxes of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) were studied in barley (Hordeum vulgare L) plants grown hydroponically at various Na/Ca ratios. Five weeks of moderate (50 mM) or high (100 mM) NaCl stress caused a significant decline in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and stomatal conductance (g(s)) in plant leaves grown...

BACKGROUND The urinary composition, including sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) concentrations, might provide useful information in addition to urine output during decongestive treatment in heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive patients with heart failure (n=61), ejection fraction ≤45%, worsening symptoms, and scheduled treatment with intravenous loop diuretics were included. Patie...

Developing and deploying cotton cultivars with high nutrient uptake, use efficiency and tolerance to nutrient related soil stresses is desirable to assist sustainable soil management. Genetic variation, heritability, selection response and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were investigated for five macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and five micronutrients (Fe, Mn, B, Zn, and Cu) in a recombinant i...

The fruit of the cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae)) was analysed for mineral and antinutrient composition. Phosphorus (33.04 ± 0.21 mg/100g) was the most abundant mineral in the fruit, followed by calcium (32.04 ± 0.06 mg/100 g), and potassium (11.9 ± 0.1 mg/100 g) and manganese (9.55 ± 0.28 mg/100 g) were also present in appreciable quantities. Antinutrients, including phytat...

Increased aldosterone levels with consequent or diuretic-potentiated electrolyte abnormalities are an important consideration when patients with cirrhosis and ascites undergo diuresis. A simple clinical method using the urinary Na/K ratio as a guide to spironolactone dosage is outlined. Patients with a ratio greater than 1 responded well to 100 mg. of spironolactone a day; those when it was one...

Na transport across a preparation of sheep omasum was studied. All tissues exhibited a serosa-positive short-circuit current ( I sc), with a range of 1-4 μeq ⋅ h-1 ⋅ cm-2. A Michaelis-Menten-type kinetic was found between the Na concentration and the I sc(Michaelis-Menten constant for transport of Na = 6.7 mM; maximal transport capacity of Na = 4.16 μeq ⋅ h-1 ⋅ cm-2). Mucosal amiloride (1 mM), ...

The interactions of Mg and K in cardiovascular disease are diverse and complex. However, Mg deficiency and loss from the heart and arteries, caused e.g. by dietary deficiency or imbalance, or by diseases and their treatment, can contribute to cardiovascular damage, and to functional abnormalities. Although Mg deficiency interferes with K retention, it is seldom measured in routine clinical prac...

The objective of this article was to review existing literature concerning the effects and mechanisms of action of fermented dairy products on serum cholesterol concentrations. Although not without exception, existing evidence from animal and human studies suggests a moderate cholesterol-lowering action of fermented dairy products. Mechanistically, fermented milk has been shown to cause an incr...