Smart card technology has resulted in vast developments in many aspects of modern human life. User acceptance of fuel rationing smart cards based on adoption model involves many factors such as: satisfaction, security, external variables, attitude toward using, etc. In this study, user acceptance and security factors for fuel rationing smart cards in Iran have been evaluated based on an adoptio...

The costs of shortages and rationing are not captured by standard consumer price indices. Thus the change in real GDP per capita is an overestimate of welfare losses in transition economies. In this study virtual prices are used to calculate new cost-of-living indices (CLIs). The results for Poland show that from 1987 to 1992 the CLI ignoring the rationing effects is biased upward from 1.53 to ...

Previous studies show that citizens usually prefer physicians as decision makers for rationing in health care, while politicians are downgraded. The findings are far from clear-cut due to methodological differences, and as the results are context sensitive they cannot easily be transferred between countries. Drawing on methodological experiences from previous research, this paper aims to identi...

Important discussions about limiting care based on professional judgment often devolve into heated debates over the place of physicians in bedside rationing. Politics, loaded rhetoric, and ideological caricature from both sides of the rationing debate obscure precise points of disagreement and consensus, and hinder critical dialogue around the obligations and boundaries of professional practice...

The article examines two primary policy proposals for how the U.S. should allocate its limited health care dollars: a centralized model in which a commission establishes rationing guidelines, and a decentralized model in which rationing decisions are made by health care providers on a case by case basis. The author finds significant advantages with each position, leading the author to assert th...

The contribution of this paper is in emphasizing endogenous credit rationing in the analysis of effects of bankruptcy rules on entrepeneurs’ decisions with respect to risktaking and ex ante skill-development. Unlike most of the literature, both the debt claim and the amount of debt financing is endogenous in our exercise. This allows us to determine the extent of credit rationing that banks use...

We develop a model to analyze parallel public and private health-care financing under two alternative public sector rationing rules: needs-based rationing and random rationing. Individuals vary in income and severity of illness. There is a limited supply of health-care resources used to treat individuals, causing some individuals to go untreated. Insurers (both public and private) must bid to o...

Stock rationing is an inventory policy that allows differential treatment of customer classes without using separate inventories. In this paper, we propose a dynamic rationing policy for continuous review inventory systems, which utilizes the information on the status of the outstanding replenishment orders. For both backordering and lost sales environments, we conduct simulation studies to com...

This article considers how the 'accidental logics' of political settlements for the English National Health Service (NHS) and the Medicare and Medicaid programmes in the United States have resulted in different institutional arrangements and different implicit social contracts for rationing, which we define to be the denial of health care that is beneficial but is deemed to be too costly. This ...

Rationing is an inventory policy that allows prioritization for different demand classes. This prioritization results in a different service level for each demand class. The mechanism through which the rationing policy is implemented is to stop serving lower priority classes when the inventory on hand drops below a certain critical level. Under this level, only higher priority classes are serve...