Applications of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis with a pyroelectric X-ray generator are presented. Glass and ceramics were analyzed with this novel X-ray generator to examine its capability for analyzing nonmetallic inorganic material. Although the power of X-ray output was a few orders of magnitude lower than conventional X-ray tubes, many elements such as Si, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ba, ...

radiation therapy is considered as one of the main methods in cancer treatment. in this method, determination of exact location and geometric properties of tumor is necessary for treatment planning that leads to increased accuracy and output of treatment and reduction of healthy tissue dose. for this purpose, the aim of the present study has been physiological transmission of gallium as a pharm...

Unlike many previous implementations of Kirchhoo-type waveeeld extrapolation (Berryhill, 1979; Bevc, 1995), we propose a procedure that is not only kinematically correct , but dynamically correct in heterogeneous media, in a model-consistent sense. Our approach is to specialize the general,\true-amplitude" data mapping platform of Bleistein & Jaramillo (1997) to the process of downward continua...

We report a high-repetition-rate, compact terawatt Ti:sapphire laser system. The oscillator produces an 82-MHz pulse train consisting of broad-bandwidth pulses of 0.5-nJ/pulse energy and of 9-fs pulse duration. The spectrally shaped, lambda/4 regenerative amplifier supports an 80-nm bandwidth. A single 50-Hz repetition-rate pump laser pumps both the regenerative amplifier and a multiple-pass am...

When energetic electrons are incident on high atomic number absorbers, a substantial fraction is back-scattered. This phenomenon is responsible for several undesirable effects in X-ray tubes, in particular a reduction in the X-ray output. The extent of this shortfall has been estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation to start electrons at increasing depth inside the anode, the results indicatin...

Lens ducts have the potential to couple the output from a laser diode array efficiently into the gain medium of a solid-state laser in an end-pumped configuration. Using a ray-tracing method we investigate different design approaches of lens ducts and demonstrate the possibility to obtain an output beam with a symmetric profile that is insensitive to the small displacement from the output surfa...

We discuss how to use the large-gain bandwidth of an X-ray SASE-FEL to produce femtosecond long pulses by chirping and compressing the output FEL radiation. We consider the power level, spectral width, and intensity #uctuations of the compressed X-ray pulses, compared to the case with no compression. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 41.50; 78.47; 41.60C; 42.55

A hand-held, battery-powered dental intraoral x-ray system (60 kV, constant potential output) was compared to a conventional, wall-mounted intraoral x-ray system (70 kVp, self-rectified output) in terms of image quality, and patient and staff radiation doses. The image quality comparison included quantitative measurements of image sharpness (resolution) and contrast. Patient doses were compared...

Backward Raman amplification (BRA) in plasmas holds the potential for longitudinal compression and focusing of powerful x-ray pulses. In principle, this method is capable of producing pulse intensities close to the vacuum breakdown threshold by manipulating the output of planned x-ray sources. The minimum wavelength limit of BRA applicability to compression of laser pulses in plasmas is found.