Interlocking tables are the functional specification defining the routes, on which the passage of the train is allowed. Associated with the route, the states and actions of all related signalling equipment are also specified. This paper formally models the interlocking tables using Coloured Petri Nets (CPN). The CPN model comprises two parts: Signaling Layout and Interlocking Control. The Signa...

AIMS One goal of total hip arthroplasty is to restore normal hip anatomy. The aim of this study was to compare displacement of the centre of rotation (COR) using a standard reaming technique with a technique in which the acetabulum was reamed immediately peripherally and referenced off the rim. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the first cohort the acetabulum was reamed to the floor followed by sequent...

Polyrotaxane metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) have attracted considerable attention due to their aesthetic topologies and potential biological applications. In this paper, we synthesized two kinds of hcb networks with nanoscale macrocycles. The hcb networks interlocked with each other in inclined and parallel interlocking modes respectively, giving rise to two new PMOFs, {[Ni(DPDBT)(bdc)]·(H2O)...

Abstract High levels of reliability and high security are the basic characteristics and requirements of railway signal systems. So, reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) are necessarily analyzed before the computer interlocking system will be adopted. The All-electronic Computer Interlocking System, which is a new kind of interlocking system, still needs to analyze its RAM before ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if an interlocking bolt would limit subsidence of the biological fixation universal hip (BFX(®)) femoral stem under cyclic loading and enhance construct stiffness, yield, and failure properties. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo biomechanical study. ANIMALS Cadaveric canine femora (10 pairs). METHODS Paired femora implanted with a traditional stem or an interlocking stem (constr...

INTRODUCTION Heterotopic ossification is a rare complication of musculoskeletal injuries, characterized by bone growth in soft tissues. Percutaneous antegrade intramedullary nailing represents the 'gold standard' for the treatment of femur shaft fractures. Minor bone growth is frequently seen around the proximal end of reamed femoral nails (so-called 'callus caps'), which are asymptomatic and l...

OBJECTIVE To compare the results and complications of the various modalities for treating closed fractures of the tibial shaft described in the prospective literature. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1966 to 1999 was conducted using the MeSH heading "tibial fractures." Studies pertaining to the management of closed tibial shaft fractures were reviewed, an...

The role of microstructural damage in controlling the edge stretchability of Complex-Phase (CP) and Dual-Phase (DP) steels was evaluated using hole tension experiments. The experiments considered a tensile specimen with a hole at the center of specimen that is either sheared (sheared edge condition) or drilled and then reamed (reamed edge condition). The damage mechanism and accumulation in the...