Why do governments so often provide support to rebels fighting the government of a neighboring state? Also, once a pattern of “reciprocal destabilization” has been established between neighboring states, their leaders often find it difficult to cease such assistance. This paper uses examples of reciprocal destabilization from recent conflicts in the Horn of Africa and Kurdistan to illustrate a ...

Abstract This paper elucidates the willingness of an autocrat to push through institutional reforms in a context where traditional authorities represented by religious clerics are averse them and military control means repression can potentially stage coup. We show that although always wants co-opt military, this is not necessarily true clerics. Exclusive co-option obtains loyalty autocrat’s ar...

The battle at the river of Sangarios, near bridge Zompe, is generally treated in framework internal uprisings and rebellions that marred empire eleventh century. However, it was more decisive than Mantzikert (1071) sense victory Frankish chieftain Roussel drastically diminished numbers imperial armies, leaving easternmost provinces open to constant raiding unrestrained plundering by Seljuk Turk...

Mohammad Bin Tughluq's reign in the 14th century Delhi Sultanate was marked by significant historical context and political challenges. Faced with economic issues, regional rebellions, external pressures, Tughluq implemented ambitious administrative policies aimed at centralizing power extending Sultanate's authority. However, these often led to unintended consequences widespread discontent. Th...

Abstract Most trade agreements are ratified with overwhelming support by legislators throughout the world. This lack of opposition is surprising given strong distributional consequences and expectation conventional political economy theory that parliamentary votes on policy should be closely contested between winners losers globalization. To analyze driving forces behind legislators’ voting beh...

Abstract The Brexit process has shattered the foundations of British politics, with prime ministerial resignations, government defeats, continuous rebellions and floor-crossings. These phenomena seem at odds usual decisiveness Westminster systems. However, aforementioned departures from tradition could be interpreted as compatible typical distance any empirical reality theoretical models, excep...

Abstract Brexit has been at the centre of last two British elections and past legislative term. The UK's exit from European Union was characterized by a series parliamentary setbacks, with several government defeats, continuous rebellions cross-party agreements made to secure control agenda. In research reported in this article, we analyse process through careful examination 12 indicative votes...

As human beings, we all claim, crave and protect our birthrights. Even history taught us this fact through the wars rebellions of many. It is in blood. Denying these rights equivalent to challenging very own humanity. In Mauritius, proudly claim existence fundamental Constitution. Our Constitution legislations that follow, are promises safeguard as citizens Mauritius. However, same for everyone...

Dramatic or mundane, passive or active, confrontations and negotiations, over natural resources, between the colonizer and the colonized manifest repudiation, uprisings, rebellions and even organized violent confrontationist movements. The basis of scientific forestry that allowed the state to commercially exploit the forests, putting curbs on the local use of subsistence, led to the formation ...