We introduce a definition of the electromagnetic chirality of an object and show that it has an upper bound. Reciprocal objects attain the upper bound if and only if they are transparent for all the fields of one polarization handedness (helicity). Additionally, electromagnetic duality symmetry, i.e., helicity preservation upon interaction, turns out to be a necessary condition for reciprocal o...

The locations of crossover junctions and gene conversion tracts, isolated in the rosy gene of Drosophila melanogaster, were determined using DNA sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Frequent DNA sequence polymorphisms between the parental genes served as unselected genetic markers. All conversion tracts were continuous, and half of the reciprocal crossover events had conversi...

These lecture notes from the 2019 Les Houches Summer School on Quantum Information Machines provides a pedagogical introduction to theory of non-reciprocal quantum interactions and devices. The goal is connect various approaches concepts, including Hamiltonians encoding synthetic gauge fields, scattering descriptions, master equations, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. importance having both non-triv...

The lawful continuous linear relation between movement time and task difficulty (i.e., index of difficulty; ID) in a goal-directed rapid aiming task (Fitts' law) has been recently challenged in reciprocal performance. Specifically, a discontinuity was observed at critical ID and was attributed to a transition between two distinct dynamic regimes that occurs with increasing difficulty. In the pr...

A progressive exasperation affects the relation men/society/environment and puts at risk its very evolutionary potentialities. At the same time the increasing influence on natural world by the virtual globalized powers accents and exasperates their separation and their reciprocal communications. Hence a new way of learning is needed beingable to re-constitute experiential modalities and encoura...

this paper deals with continuous frames and continuous riesz bases. we introduce continuous riesz bases and give some equivalent conditions for a continuous frame to be a continuous riesz basis. it is certainly possible for a continuous frame to have only one dual. such a continuous frame is called a riesz-type frame [13]. we show that a continuous frame is riesz-type if and only if it is a con...

The aim of the present paper is to obtain common fixed point theorems by employing the recently introduced notion of conditional reciprocal continuity. We demonstrate that conditional reciprocal continuity ensures the existence of fixed points under contractive conditions which otherwise do not ensure the existence of fixed points. Our results generalize and extend several well-known fixed poin...

When twin pairs influence each other's behavior, observed variance is greater for MZ twins than for DZ twins under at least 1 of 2 conditions: (a) the trait has some heritability and (b) MZ twins influence each other more than do DZ twins. Applied to a trait that has an underlying continuous distribution but is measured as a dichotomy, the presence of reciprocal twin influence predicts that if ...

A novel design of reversed domains in a short-range ordered manner by placing randomly oriented basic units on a square lattice is propose and demonstrated. The corresponding reciprocal space is characterized not only by discrete diffraction peaks, but also by the continuous RVs distribution as homocentric rings. Then continuous nonlinear process is available as long as its wave vector mismatch...

AMPA and GABAA receptors mediate most of the fast signaling in the CNS. However, the retina must, in addition, also convey slow and sustained signals. Given that AMPA and GABAA receptors desensitize quickly in the continuous presence of agonist, how are sustained excitatory and inhibitory signals transmitted reliably across retinal synapses? Reciprocal synapses between bipolar and amacrine cell...