Improperly abandoned gas wells threaten human health and safety as well as pollute the air and water. In the next 20 years, tens of thousands of new gas wells will be drilled into the Marcellus, Utica, and Upper Devonian shale formations of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania currently requires production companies to post a bond to ensure environmental reclamation of abandoned well sites, but the size ...

The scale of the industrial chain for construction waste reclamation in China is still at a small magnitude with a relatively slow development rate, yet to form an industrial chain that is mature. With the industrial chain theory, this paper takes Guangzhou as an example to construct a simulation model of the scale of industrial chain of construction waste reclamation based on system dynamics. ...

Memory management is one of the most complex aspects of modern concurrent algorithms, and various techniques proposed for it—such as hazard pointers, read-copy-update and epoch-based reclamation—have proved very challenging for formal reasoning. In this paper, we show that different memory reclamation techniques actually rely on the same implicit synchronisation pattern, not clearly reflected i...

The shortage of waste landfill space for waste disposal and the high demand for fill materials for land reclamation projects in Singapore have prompted a study on the feasibility of using spent copper slag as fill material in land reclamation. The physical and geotechnical properties of the spent copper slag were first assessed by laboratory tests, including hydraulic conductivity and shear str...

Surface coal mines prior to 1950 in the USA were generally left without any reclamation. As government regulations advanced since then, mine operators were required to backfill the area and plant grasses or trees. After the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) was passed in 1977 in the USA, mine operators were required to conduct pre-mining analyses of the site and to desi...

Water reclamation can be one of the solutions when trying to solve the global water shortage. In the dry region Beaufort West, South Africa is a water reclamation plant supplying the inhabitants with drinking water, treated from wastewater. It is, however, important to evaluate the risks connected to this technology. The aim of this study was to conduct a chemical risk assessment in order to id...

Reclamation under the strict requirements of the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires a high level of knowledge of plant growth r e q u i r e m e n t s in r e l a t i o n to geochemical factors on each mine site. A desirable reclamation goal would be to consider all feasible alternatives for creating productive soils and attractive landscapes. The raw materials fo...

Coal mining is inevitable for economic growth of a country, but at the same time deteriorates the quality of the environment. Open cast mine, especially affects the top soil most negatively. In the present study, soil samples from three representative areas of mining viz proposed, operational and abandoned sites from Charhi and Kuju of Jharkhand were collected and analysed for physicochemical p...

Over the past six decades, coastal wetlands in China have experienced rapid and extensive agricultural reclamation. In the context of saline conditions, long-term effect of cultivation after reclamation on soil chemical properties has not been well understood. We studied this issue using a case of approximately 60-years cultivation of a coastal saline marsh in Bohai Rim, northern China. The res...

Significant alteration in the microbial community can occur across reclamation areas suffering subsidence from mining. A reclamation site undergoing fertilization practices and an adjacent coal-excavated subsidence site (sites A and B, respectively) were examined to characterize the bacterial diversity using 454 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing. The dominant taxonomic groups in both the site...