Vaginal wall cysts occur rarely and can cause a variety of symptoms. A 35 year old woman presented with history of mass bulging from vagina for a year. Pelvic examination revealed a reducible non-tender mass protruding from the vagina and diagnosed as rectocele. Physical examination is important for the detection and characterization of vaginal cysts but may be inadequate for appropriate diagno...

AIM This retrospective study aimed to determine functional results of laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR) for rectal prolapse (RP) and symptomatic rectoceles in a large cohort of patients. METHOD All patients treated between 2004 and 2011 were identified. Relevant patient characteristics were gathered. A questionnaire concerning disease-related symptoms as well as the Cleveland Clinic Incont...

OBJECTIVE To review the management of fecal incontinence, which affects more than 1 in 10 people and can have a substantial negative impact on quality of life. METHODS The medical literature between 1980 and April 2012 was reviewed for the evaluation and management of fecal incontinence. RESULTS A comprehensive history and physical examination are required to help understand the severity an...

Urinary incontinence affects an estimated 13 million Americans of which 85% are women. It is an embarrassing and lifestyle limiting condition for which effective treatment is available. Health care providers should be alert to the signs and symptoms of UI and pursue its etiology. Those patients who fail medical therapy, in whom the etiology for the incontinence is unclear, or those patients wit...

It is now generally accepted that in all cases of prolapse of the uterus (by which term we include cystocele, rectocele, and varying degrees of descent of the uterus, as well as simple hypertrophy of the cervix), operation is the method of choice. It is, however, sometimes difficult to persuade patients that this is the case and we are often asked whether operation will really cure the conditio...