We introduce nutrient recycling into a model where competitors differ in the scale at which they perceive their environment. In a two-resource system with both external nutrient inputs and recycling, larger consumers ("integrators") often generate resource distributions that favor their smaller ("nonintegrator") competitors, and vice versa. This occurs because recycling of integrator biomass re...

background. failure of orthodontic bracket bonds is a common occurrence during orthodontic treatment. different tech-niques have been suggested in the literature to remove resin residues from the bracket bases and enamel surfaces to prepare the surfaces again after debonding. this study attempted to compare multiple rebond shear strengths (sbs) of debonded brackets following preparation with sa...

One of the major criticisms leveled at task-based language teaching (TBLT), despite its countless merits, is developing fluency at the cost of accuracy. The post-task stage affords a number of options to counteract this downside through task repetition and task recycling. These two options are considered to positively affect learners' oral performance in terms of fluency, accuracy, and complexi...

The functional consequences of signaling receptor endocytosis are determined by the endosomal sorting of receptors between degradation and recycling pathways. How receptors recycle efficiently, in a sequence-dependent manner that is distinct from bulk membrane recycling, is not known. Here, in live cells, we visualize the sorting of a prototypical sequence-dependent recycling receptor, the beta...

Krylov subspace recycling is a process for accelerating the convergence of sequences of linear systems. Based on this technique we have recently developed the recycling BiCG algorithm. We now generalize and extend this recycling theory to BiCGSTAB. Recycling BiCG focuses on efficiently solving sequences of dual linear systems, while the focus here is on efficiently solving sequences of single l...

Dual recycling is the combination of signal recycling and power recycling; both optical techniques improve the shot-noise-limited sensitivity of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. In addition, signal recycling can reduce the loss of light power due to imperfect interference and allows, in principle, to beat the standard quantum limit. The interferometric gravitational-wave detector G...

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been one of the fastest growing waste streams worldwide. Effective and efficient management and treatment of WEEE has become a global problem. As one of the world's largest electronic products manufacturing and consumption countries, China plays a key role in the material life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment. Over the past 20 yea...

This fact sheet is part of a series highlighting different recyclable commodities. According to dictionary.com, a commodity is as “an article of trade or commerce; something of use, advantage, or value; any unprocessed or partially processed good.” When a product is recycled, original commodity material becomes new products. The recyclable commodity fact sheet series is designed to answer commo...