Gamma ray bursts have been divided into two classes, long-soft gamma ray burst and short-hard gamma ray burst according to the bimodal distribution in duration time. Due to the harder spectrum and the lack of afterglows of short-hard bursts in optical and radio observations, different progenitors for short-hard bursts and long-soft bursts have been suggested. Based on the X-ray afterglow observ...

Amaranthus tricolor half-seedlings show a greater accumulation of betacyanin in response to a defined period of red light if given a pretreatment at an elevated temperature (40 C). Red light given before the shift to 40 C is ineffective. The maximum response is achieved after a 2-hour shift to 40 C and if the red light is given 1 hour after return to the germination temperature (25 C). The effe...

Surveys of clusters of galaxies provide us with a powerful probe of the density and nature of the dark energy. The red-shift distribution of detected clusters is highly sensitive to the dark energy equation of state parameter w. Upcoming Sunyaev– Zel’dovich (SZ) surveys would provide us large yields of clusters to very high red-shifts. Self-calibration of cluster scaling relations, possible for...

We report photoluminescence (PL) measurements on self-assembled GaSb/GaAs quantum dots. As the laser excitation is increased from very low levels, the PL shows a strong red shift, and then a blue shift, such that it presents a U-shaped curve. Raising the temperature causes a large s,100 meVd blue shift of the PL, and shifts the minimum of the PL energy versus laser excitation curve to higher la...

Draft: February 1, 2008 In the standard big bang model, the expansion rate of the Universe is predicted to slow down as the Universe evolves. ,2 The deceleration parameter, q0, measures the present deceleration rate. The deceleration causes a deviation from the linear relation between distance and red shift (the Hubble law) at large red shifts. A proposed approach for determining q0 is to measu...

We make an attempt to dynamically study, in four space-time dimensions, the classical gravitational collapse of a macroscopic circular fundamental string, by a truncation of the Einstein equations that suppresses retarded features but keeps the main self-gravity peculiarities of the relativistic string dynamics, and allows the investigation of a possible infinite red-shift. The numerical soluti...