Vigabatrin (VGB) is an antiepileptic drug that was designed to inhibit GABA-transaminase, and increase levels of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. VGB has demonstrated efficacy as an adjunctive antiepileptic drug for refractory complex partial seizures (CPS) and for infantile spasms (IS). This review focuses on its use for complex partial seizure...

PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anterior corpus callosotomy with a keyhole approach on refractory seizures and to evaluate this procedure for drop attacks (DAs) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs). METHODS All refractory seizure patients underwent anterior corpus callosotomy (n=31) without other epilepsy surgery. Seizure response and procedure...

A number of clinical trials that test the efficacy and safety of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have recently been concluded. Two dose-response trials in inpatients with refractory partial seizures and outpatients with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy established the efficacy of gabapentin as monotherapy. Lamotrigine was found to have efficacy similar to that of phenytoin and carbamazepin...

BACKGROUND Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a life-threatening condition in which seizures do not respond to first- and second-line anticonvulsant drug therapy. How often RSE occurs, risk factors that predispose to this condition, and the effect of failure to control seizures on clinical outcome are poorly defined. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, risk factors, and impact on outcom...

PURPOSE We investigated the various possible reasons for uncontrolled seizures in patients under 18 years of age to determine the impact of pseudointractability. We also investigated the various forms of pseudointractability in children with uncontrolled seizures. METHODS In this cross-sectional retrospective chart review study, all patients under 18 years of age with their first seizure occu...

BACKGROUND This study was performed in children aged <15 years, at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The objective of this study was to recognize the main predisposing factors that result in uncontrolled seizures in patients so that we can start the treatment accurately. METHODS There were two groups of patients; group I...

Case presentation: Male, 6 years old, presenting seizures since the age of 4 and evolving with refractory epilepsy, in use several medications for focal seizures, including Lacosamide, Cannabidiol, Phenobarbital Sulthiame. A 24-hour electroencephalogram showed bursts bilateral sharp waves front rolandic region, no adequate localization epileptogenic zone. Resonance imaging examination revealed ...