The present study is the outcome of vegetation sampling conducted in managed and unmanaged forest patch under irregular shelterwood system to analyze community structure plant diversity a degraded mixed eastern Terai, Nepal. Systematic random was followed by laying out 15 quadrates sized 4m2 with uniform spacing 50 meters both blocks, respectively. This revealed that first second-year regenerat...

Old trees of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) were studied to determine volume growth patterns in relation to leaf area. Ponderosa pine trees varied in age from 166 to 432 years and were about 77 cm in diameter; lodgepole pine trees varied in age from 250 to 296 years and were about 31 cm in diameter. With the exception ...

The most important factor to ensure forest regrowth strongly relies on minimizing damage as well maintaining an adequate quantity and quality of residual stands. Currently, the Malaysian concessions are applying Selective Management System (SMS). SMS had been introduced about 40 years ago various studies discovered that it contributes a negative impact forest. Thus, revision adoption appropriat...

We report that, to enable studies of their compositional, structural and electrical properties, freestanding individual nanoobjects can be selectively felled in a controllable way by the technique of low-current focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling with the ion beam at a chosen angle of incidence to the nanoobject. To demonstrate the suitability of the technique, we report results for zigzag/straight...

THINNING overdense stands to improve growth rate of trees is one way in which the nation's supply of merchantable timber can be increased significantly.' In the Pacific Northwest alone, several million acres of such dense precommercial stands would benefit from thinning. Two basic methods are used to thin dense forest stands—felling unwanted trees with saws or killing them with chemicals. Econo...

A continuous-speed felling and bunching prototype machine was evaluated in harvesting a three-year-old, short-rotation sycamore plantation. A small tractor, grapple skidder, and large chipper were evaluated along with the prototype machine as complete harvesting systems. Prediction equations, production rates, and costs were developed for each component of the systems. Production of the feller ...

Motor-manual timber felling is one of the most dangerous operations in forest and cannot be completely replaced by fully mechanized harvesting a harvester when dealing with large deciduous trees. Shifting center gravity tree ready to felled beyond its tipping line using conventional wedges because worker directly behind stem under crown until just before falls. The can hit trunk itself, but als...

In Nepal, scientific forest managementhas been practiced as an effective management technique to utilize resources sustainably. However, the program has faced many controversies such intentional logging of only high-valued timber species like Shorearobusta. addition, few believe this is severely affecting regeneration productivity and diversity in natural forests. order address these issues, we...