The key to simulating soil erosion is to calculate the vegetation cover (C) factor. Methods that apply remote sensing to calculate the C factor at a regional scale cannot directly use the C factor formula. That is because the C factor formula is obtained by experiments, and needs the coverage ratio data of croplands, woodlands, and grasslands at a standard plot scale. In this paper, we present ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the progress made towards meeting the goals of the African Regional Strategic Plan of the Expanded Programme on Immunization between 2001 and 2005. METHODS We reviewed data from national infant immunization programmes in the 46 countries of WHOs African Region, reviewed the literature and analysed existing data sources. We carried out face-to-face and telephone interviews ...

The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region has approximately 100 million people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This review describes the status of hepatitis B control in the Region. We present hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) coverage data and from available data in the published literature, the impact of HepB vaccination on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence, a m...

BACKGROUND Previous reviews have examined the existence of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for injecting drug users (IDUs) worldwide, but they did not quantify the scale of coverage. We undertook a systematic review to estimate national, regional, and global coverage of HIV services in IDUs. METHODS We did a systematic search of peer-reviewed (Medline, BioMed Central), internet, ...

Sedimentary plains with extremely flat topography, such as the Pampas in Argentina, often display flooding–drought cycles. Changes in water table depth and surface water coverage affect natural and cultivated vegetation, wildlife, and people. Here, we describe groundwater dynamics and water-body expansion in a 10-year flooding cycle in the valuable agricultural lands of Western Pampas. We analy...

The key to simulating soil erosion is to calculate the vegetation cover (C) factor. Methods that apply remote sensing to calculate C factor at regional scale cannot directly use the C factor formula. That is because the C factor formula is obtained by experiment, and needs the coverage ratio data of croplands, woodlands and grasslands at standard plot scale. In this paper, we present a C factor...

background in recent years, accreditation of private hospitals followed by decentralisation of the italian national health service (nhs) into 21 regional health systems has provided a good empirical ground for investigating the tiebout principle of “voting with their feet”. we examine the infra-regional trade-off between greater patient choice (due to an increase in hospital services supply) an...

background an appropriate and well-timed surgery has great impact on a patient’s treatment and can prevent further damage to partially injured structures which if untreated will be lost leading to severe disability. in the present study we report our experience with early coverage of electrically injured upper extremity vital structures with encouraging results. objectives the aim of this study...

public diplomacy is an idiom that has been noticed increasingly in last decades due to extension of internet and satellite news networks. this type of diplomacy be used related to influence, guidance and mobilization of public opinion for the aims of governmental and non-governmental agents. in this article, the author tried to give analytical answer to this question: in spite of being newest, ...

In 2011, the 46 World Health Organization (WHO) African Region (AFR) member states established a goal of measles elimination* by 2020, by achieving 1) ≥95% coverage of their target populations with the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) at national and district levels; 2) ≥95% coverage with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) per district during supplemental immunization activities (S...