This study intends to examine the influence of trade openness on economic growth in Kingdom Saudi Arabia including government consumption and labor force as control variables. Using time-series yearly data from 1985 2019, applies Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration regression Toda-Yamamoto (T-Y) Granger causality check achieve objective study. The ARDL model estimation disclose...

exchange rate and national income of countries trading with each other are among the most important factors affecting each country's trade. considering the political and economic ties between iran and venezuela in recent years, the goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of exchange rate volatility on exports of iran to venezuela. data used in this research include annual data for...

This study aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between immigration and two macroeconomic indicators, GDP per capita and unemployment, in Sweden using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure and Granger-causality within vector error correction model (VECM) based on annual data spanning the period between 1980 and 2004. Results of the ARDL bounds tes...

The present study aims to examine crude oil import demand in Turkey. country has quite limited production and is dependent on foreign supply power its growing economy. We estimate the price income elasticities of imported for Turkey exploiting three different data sets (i.e., monthly, quarterly, annual) test whether frequency matters estimation. employ an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) ...

Countries of the Middle East and Central Asia depend heavily on natural resources for their exports, income, employment. This study is a preliminary investigation that explores effect domestic investment in sample 12 highly resource-dependent countries from 2000 to 2019. The recently advanced cross-sectional dependent auto-regressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model panel quantile regression are...

Profitability (ROA) study of the Indian pharmaceutical industry has been studied under dynamic conditions to avoid endogeneity issues. Vector Error Correction Mode (VECM) results suggest short-run and long-run dependency profitability on working capital intensity, research & development physical intensity. Physical intensity exhibited a negative impact ROA. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (...

The export of palm oil from Malaysia to China has declined since 2013, although the Malaysian Ringgit depreciated. market also struggled against Indonesian and soy in China. Hence, this study aimed identify significant factors influencing China's demand for by adopting Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis. finding revealed that currency rate exchange, foreign trade price China, inter...