from september 18th - 20th, 2015, the 1st international razavi multiple sclerosis congress was held in mashhad, iran. the meeting was designated as a platform especially for young scientists to get internationally connected, discuss recent scientific findings and develop further ideas for strategic collaborations between germany and iran. physicians and scientists from research groups working i...

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dream should be considered as a kind of cognitive ability that is formed parallel to other cognitive capabilities like language. on the other hand, multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease that can involve different aspects of our cognition. therefore, ms may influence patients' dreams. in fact, we do not know what the importance of dream is in ms, but further studies may introduce dream an...

abstract introduction: psychodrama, as a form of art therapy, helps people to enact and use role-plays for a specific problem, rather than just talking about it, in an effort to review the problem, gain feedback from group members, find appropriate solutions, and practice them for their life. the current paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy on the reduction of depr...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of central nervous system (cns). the aim of the present study was to determine the type and the frequency of initial presenting symptoms in patients with ms and their relation with demographic characteristics in babol, northern iran. methods: all patients of this study were recruited over a ten year period from 200...

multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which is accompanied by demyelinating the neurons. the imbalance between the t cell effectors and t cell regulators is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. melatonin is a hormone that is secreted by pineal gland which has an important role in circadian rhythm and immune-modulatory effects. melatonin ...

neuroinflammation has a significant role in induce of multiple sclerosis (ms) many approaches have been used to treat ms, but none of these methods have not been able to fully improve. one of the methods can suppress inflammation and regenerate the nervous system is the use of cell therapy. using cell therapy in pre-clinic phase can be realized, it's mechanism and potency to suppress neuro...

background: vitamin b12 (cobalamin) deficiency can result in some clinical and paraclinical characteristics similar to what is seen in multiple sclerosis (ms) patients. this study aimed to evaluate the controversial association between vitamin b12 deficiency and ms. methods: we measured serum vitamin b12 in 60 patients with ms and 38 healthy controls. clinical disability was evaluated according...

background: the association between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (ms) and latitude gradient indicates the importance of environmental factors in ms susceptibility. sunlight’s ultraviolet radiation, its ability to influence melatonin, and an imbalance of melatonin in the central nervous system (cns) may be involved in this process. methods: this case‑control study was conducted in isfaha...

background: management of multiple sclerosis (ms) is based on the usage of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating medications. cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of ms. objective: to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the concentrations of th1/th2/th17 serum cytokines in patients with ms. methods: six patients with relapsing remitting ms as a case group and 6 healthy indivi...