The Purpose of noninvasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is to provide a communicative and controlled channel based on the spatiotemporal neural activity such as EEG. But, BCI systems are prone to have errors in identification of human purpose. One of the existing methods to improve the performance of BCI systems is a verification procedure based on appearing errorrelated potential (Errp) in...

Although the N400 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is suggested to reflect language processing, exactly which language processing functions N400 is sensitive to is not clear. We investigated this component in aphasic patients with some impairments of language processing. Meaningful and meaningless words in Kana (Japanese characters) were used as stimuli under a visual oddball paradi...

P3 component of event related potential reflects memory and decision making processes. It has been applied as an index of information processing in a wide variety of normal and cognitive impaired subjects. Scalp P3 was elicited in· 24 male neurologically and audiologically normal young subjects of 17-20 years (Av. ·17.7) of age. Standard auditory 'Oddball' paradigm involving simple discriminati...

The error-related potential is an event-related potential triggered by errors. Recently it has been the subject of many attentions notably for its possible use in BCI systems. Since it is linked to error occurrence, it could be used in the design of control loop to build more robust systems. In this paper we studied the characteristics of the error potential and present how it could be used for...

For any partial differential equation PDE system, a local conservation law yields potential equations in terms of some potential variable, which normally is a nonlocal variable. The current paper examines situations when such a potential variable is a local variable, i.e., is a function of the independent and dependent variables of a given PDE system, and their derivatives. In the case of two i...

Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts (that have not been linked previously in the literature; i.e., disjoint) in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible connections (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with an unsolved problem, and generates solutions to that problem through...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the normal data of pain-related evoked potentials (PREP) elicited with a concentric surface electrode among normal, healthy adults and the relationship between PREP and pain intensity. METHODS Sixty healthy volunteers (22 men and 38 women; aged 36.4±10.7 years; height, 165.4±7.8 cm) were enrolled. Routine nerve conduction study (NCS) was done to measure PREP following...

Various lines of evidence suggest that memory for the relations among arbitrarily paired items acquired prior to testing can influence early processing of a probe stimulus. The event-related potential experiment reported here was designed to explore how early in time memory for a previously established face-scene relationship begins to influence processing of faces, under sequential presentatio...

The functional significance of some movement related potential (MRP) components was examined by using an adaptation of the "oddball" paradigm. Subjects had to move a load, that randomly varied from trial to trial according to different schedules, by pressing a telegraph key. Four paradigms of load presentation were used: (1) three loads equally probable; (2) two loads, the lighter one presented...