Renal excretion is an important elimination pathway for antiviral agents, such as acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir (GCV), and zidovudine (AZT). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of renal ACV, GCV, and AZT transport using cells stably expressing human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1), hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4, and human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1) and hOC...

Previous studies indicating that postabsorptive renal glucose production is negligible used the net balance technique, which cannot partition simultaneous renal glucose production and glucose uptake. 10 d after surgical placement of sampling catheters in the left renal vein and femoral artery and a nonobstructive infusion catheter in the left renal artery of dogs, systemic and renal glucose and...

RATIONALE F-18 Fluoro Deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) is a useful modality in the evaluation of patients with malignancies. Increased incidence of lympho-proliferative disorders has been reported in individuals with long-standing end-stage renal disorders treated with renal replacement therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS A 30-year-old male on peritone...

In this study, we investigated the ability of L-lysine to block renal uptake of 125I- or 99mTc- labeled Fv fragments. Anti-Tac disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) was derived from a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes the alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha). The 125I- or 99mTc-labeled dsFv was injected i.v. into non-tumor-bearing nude mice or into nude mice bear...

The effect of phosphorylated phloretins on Na(+)-dependent phosphate uptake into rabbit renal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was examined. Na(+)-dependent phosphate uptake into isolated rabbit cortex BBMV was sensitive to 2'-phosphophloretin (2'-PP) and 2'-phospho-4',4,6'-trimethoxy phloretin (PTMP) in a dose-dependent and pH-dependent manner. PTMP inhibition of Na(+)-dependent phosphate...

Previous work demonstrated that l-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthase, is carried into inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells via system y+, that the major system y+ gene product in IMCD is the cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1), and that blockade of l-arginine uptake in the renal medulla decreases NO and leads to systemic hypertension. The present study determine...

PURPOSE The differentiation of oncocytoma from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a challenge with currently available cross-sectional imaging techniques. As a result, a large number of patients harboring a benign oncocytoma undergo unnecessary surgical resection. In this study, we explored the utility of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT for the differentiation of these tumors based on the hypothesis that t...

The mechanism of gentamicin uptake in vitro by renal cortical slices of rat kidney was investigated. The cortical-slice-uptake ratio of gentamicin concentration in 1.0 g of tissue water to that of 1.0 ml of incubation medium (SW/M) was 1.44 +/- 0.04. The uptake of gentamicin was inhibited by 2 x 10(-5) M dinitrophenol (SW/M = 1.03 +/- 0.04) and by anoxia (SW/M = 1.01 +/- 0.04). The results indi...

BACKGROUND Despite the progress in the quality of multiphasic CT and MRI scans, it is still difficult to fully characterize a solid kidney lesion. Approximately 10% of all solid renal tumours turn out to be oncocytomas. In actual clinical practice, this is verified only following unnecessary surgery or a renal biopsy/ablation. The objective of our pilot study examines whether 99mTc-sestamibi SP...

The intrarenal autocrine-paracrine dopamine (DA) system is critical for Na(+) homeostasis. l-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) uptake from the glomerular filtrate and plasma provides the substrate for DA generation by the renal proximal tubule. The transporter(s) responsible for proximal tubule l-DOPA uptake has not been characterized. Renal cortical poly-A(+) RNA injected into Xenopus laevis ooc...