Abstract Renal cell carcinoma, notably clear renal carcinoma in particular, show remarkable predisposition for intravenous growth. Retrograde venous invasion results intravascular emboli sinus and intrarenal veins, nodules parenchyma (after extravascular spread). In our experience, we observed this phenomenon five cases out of 204 tumors: four carcinomas (4/166 or 2.4%) 12.5% those with major v...

Advance awareness of the renal vascular anatomy, including variants of the left renal vein, is important for abdominal and renal surgery. The migratory nature ofrenal embryology and significant transformation of precursors of the inferior vena cava and renal veins can make the final configuration of these structures complex. Two uncommon instances of dual left renal vein with orthotopic left co...

introduction: we did this study because there were a few studies about aorto-branch junction. methods: four light microscope and electron microscope study, the abdominal aorta, renal artery, and the adjoining right and left renal arteries were dissected out from 4 neonate dogs. results: based on the results, there is only one cell type in the tunica intima of endothelium in both arteries. in ab...

Introduction: Normal vascular supply to each kidney is by a single artery and vein on side. This normal pattern not found in all cases. Arterial variations can be accessory renal arteries which hilar, upper polar or lower early branching. Venous late confluence, multiple veins left there retroaortic circumaortic course of the vein.
 Aims: To evaluate vasculature patients who undergo contra...

Testicular metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is very rare. Herein we report a case of left-side renal cell carcinoma initially diagnosed to be clinically stage II, which developed left-side testicular metastases 2 months following radical nephrectomy. High inguinal orchiectomy was carried out. The patient was asymptomatic 2 months later. Although renal vein involvement in renal cell carcinom...

To study regional metabolism and production of angiotensin II, we measured steady-state plasma levels of 125I-angiotensin I and II and endogenous angiotensin I and II in the aorta and the antecubital, femoral, renal, and hepatic veins during systemic infusion of 125I-angiotensin I or II. Extraction of arterially delivered angiotensin II ranged from 30-50% in the limbs to 80-100% in the renal an...

Tissue oxygen levels are tightly regulated in all organs. This poses a challenge for the kidney, as its function requires blood flow, and thus, oxygen delivery to greatly exceed its metabolic requirements. Because superoxide production in the kidney is dependent on oxygen availability, tissue hyperoxia could drive oxidative stress. In the mammalian renal cortex, this problem may have been solve...

Double left renal vein is a rare venous anomaly. In 6.5% of cases double left renal vein, one in front (preaortic) and another behind the abdominal aorta (retroaortic) has been reported. The development of renal vessels is very complicated. There are extensive changes which occur in subcardinal, supracardinal and sacrocardinal veins during development that may lead to congenital venous anomalie...

BACKGROUND Patients requiring dialysis due to acute or chronic renal failure frequently require temporary vascular access. Femoral vein catheterization is the easiest method for obtaining temporary vascular access in haemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to utilize ultrasound imaging to describe femoral vein structures and to examine anatomical variations in uraemic patients. METH...