We synthesized a series of fluorinated compounds and tested them in an easy assay for their repellent activity against the ant Myrmica rubra. Depending on their chain length and pattern of fluorination these molecules are efficient repellents for this ant. Fluorinated compounds are stronger repellents than their unfluorinated analogs. 1,1,1-Trifluorotridecan-2-one (4) is an even better repellen...

Intracellular recordings show that (i) paramecia hyperpolarize slightly in attractants and depolarize in repellents that depend on the avoiding reaction (an abrupt change of swimming direction), and (ii) paramecia more strongly hyperpolarize in repellents and more strongly depolarize in attractants that depend on changes of swimming velocity. These membrane potential changes are in agreement wi...

To confirm that Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines are applicable to test the efficacy of mosquito repellents, these guidelines were used to test the efficacy and complete protection times (CPTs) of three representative mosquito repellents: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), citronella, and fennel oil. The repellency of citronella oil decreased over time, from 97.9% at 0 h...

Repellents substances and devices cause pest species to avoid otherwise attractive or palatable materials. For birds, repellents can be visual, auditory, pyrotechnic, tactile, chemosensory, physiologic, or physical. Here, we consider chemical agents only. Few substances are registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and thus legally available for use. This lack of available...

A wind tunnel bioassay system to screen mosquito repellents is described. A wind tunnel is utilized to exploit the upwind flight response of host-seeking mosquitoes. Mosquitoes within the wind tunnel are activated with human breath, fly upwind, and land on heated chick skins. This behavioral sequence results in a consistently high percentage of the test population approaching repellent or contr...

In this article it is claimed that in order to obtain the right composition, structure, and functionality for a new product, one needs to anticipate what the demand of the product will be and take into account all costs involved (associated manufacturing and supply chain). To obtain the demand, one needs a pricing model, which in turn relies on consumer preferences that are connected to the pro...

b a ckground: using special lotions and repellent sprays on skin is one of the effective methods to prevent arthropods biting which was verified in this study. m e t hods: essential oils of four plants ( satureja khuzestanica, salvia sclarea , lavendula officinalis and myrtus communis ) were separately extracted by clevenger used hydro distillation method. then separated solutions with 10%, 20%...

A total of 164,103 dengue cases were recorded in 2021, compared to 205,243 2019. Since 2008, the case fatality rate has been fewer than 1%. The administration had reviewed country’s worrisome condition. Dengue have all surged dramatically around world. One among best way avoid bite mosquito is use repellents. previous papers primarily relied on herbal repellents or synthetic, formulation method...